Month: October 2022

In 2015,Angewandte Chemie, International Edition included an article by Handa, Sachin; Slack, Eric D.; Lipshutz, Bruce H.. Product Details of 4350-55-4. The article was titled 《Nanonickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Couplings in Water》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Nickel nanoparticles, formed in situ and used in combination with micellar catalysis, catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings in water under very mild reaction conditions. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)benzonitrile(cas: 4350-55-4Product Details of 4350-55-4)

3-(Pyridin-4-yl)benzonitrile(cas: 4350-55-4) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Product Details of 4350-55-4 Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

The author of 《Convenient method for the preparation of hydroxynaphthoic acids》 were Cason, James. And the article was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1941. Recommanded Product: 72016-73-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

The procedure of Butler and Royle (C. A. 17, 3182) for the synthesis of 4,2-C10H6(CO2H)OH gave very poor yields; various modifications produced the acid in satisfactory yields by way of the same intermediates. 4,2,5-C10H5(NH2)(CO2H)2(345 g.), 390 g. NaOH, 135 g. Zn and 900 cc. H2O, refluxed for 22 h., give 81-7% of 4,2-C10H6(NH2)SO3Na; distillation with KCN at about 500° gives 10-13% of 4,2-C10H6(NH2)CN, m. 125.5-6° (all m. ps. corrected); K4Fe(CN)6 (used by B. and R.) gives only 1-4%; CuCN could not be used because of foaming; a mixture of KCN with NaCN or K4Fe(CN)6 did not give better yields; hydrolysis with a mixture of 10 cc. AcOH and 2.5 cc. 70% H2SO4 gives 86% of 4,2-C10H6(NH2)CO2H, m. 215-16°; the diazo reaction did not give a good yield of 4,2-C10H6(OH)CO2H (I) but heating 4.5 g. of amine and 45 cc. 10% H2SO4 at 195-200° for 4 h. gives 90.5% of I, m. 225-6° (B. and R. give 182-3°); the Ac derivative (II) m. 211.5-12.5° (44° above reported value). II and PCl5, heated at 100° for 25 min., give 88% of 4-acetoxy-2-naphthoyl chloride (III), m. 96-8° and remelting at 99-9.5°; catalytic reduction in boiling xylene (Rosenmund’s method) gives 50-75% of 4-acetoxy-2-naphthaldehyde, m. 113.2-14.2°; semicarbazone (III), m. 230° (decomposition). Hydrolysis with N H2SO4 for 1 h. gives 63% of 2-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde (IV), buff, m. 169.5-70°. No definite product could be obtained on Wolff-Kishner reduction of III. Catalytic reduction (Cu-Cr catalyst) of IV gives 4,2-C10H6(OH)Me, m. 90-1°. The Na salt of 1,6-Cleve’s acid yields 9.5-10% of 5,2-C10H6(NH2)CN, m. 143.5-4°; hydrolysis gives 83.5% of 5,2-C10H6(NH2)-CO2H, m. 291-2°; 10% H2SO4 at 220-5° for 4 h. gives 67% of 5,2-C10H6(OH)CO2H, m. 215-16° (Ac derivative, m. 215-16°). 6-Amino-2-naphthonitrile, pale greenish yellow, iridescent plates, m. 199-9.5° (1.5% yield); with K4Fe-(CN)6 the yield is only 0.2%. 6,2-C10H6(OH)CO2H, m. 243-4°, 53.5% (Ac derivative, m. 223-4°). 5,1-C10H6(NH2)CN, m. 139.5-40°, results in 20% yield and 5,1-C10H6(OH)CO2H is formed in 53-7% yield. In the experiment, the researchers used 5-Amino-1-naphthonitrile(cas: 72016-73-0Recommanded Product: 72016-73-0)

5-Amino-1-naphthonitrile(cas: 72016-73-0) belongs to anime. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxy acids generally add an oxygen atom to the nitrogen of amines. With primary amines, this step is normally followed by further oxidation, leading to nitroso compounds, RNO, or nitro compounds, RNO2. Secondary amines are converted to hydroxylamines, R2NOH, and tertiary amines to amine oxides, R3NO.Recommanded Product: 72016-73-0

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

The author of 《ipso-Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids and Boronate Esters by Using Sodium Chlorite as an Oxidant in Water》 were Gogoi, Pranjal; Bezboruah, Pranjal; Gogoi, Junali; Boruah, Romesh C.. And the article was published in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2013. Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetonitrile The author mentioned the following in the article:

A facile and efficient procedure for the ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids to phenols in water was developed. A series of electron-rich and electron-deficient arylboronic acids were smoothly ipso-hydroxylated with this protocol to afford products in excellent yields. Moreover, the protocol is amenable to boronate esters. In most cases, the phenolic products were obtained in pure form without any chromatog. purification In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetonitrile(cas: 325141-71-7Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetonitrile)

2-(2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetonitrile(cas: 325141-71-7) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

The author of 《Water elimination rate measurements for tertiary-butanol》 were Heyne, J.; Dooley, S.; Dryer, F.. And the article was published in Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion in 2011. Product Details of 658-98-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Alternatives to petroleum derived transportation fuels, particularly C4 alcs. (butanols), have been investigated increasingly over the last three years. One butanol isomer, teritary-butanol (derived from petroleum), is already used com. as a gasoline octane number enhancer. Studies of tertiary-butanol (t-butanol) combustion suggest that the water elimination channel (C4H9OH = iC4H8 + H2O) can contribute to approx. 75% of t-butanol consumption in flames [1]. A study of this key reaction has recently been performed in the Princeton Variable Pressure Flow Reactor (VPFR) using radical trappers to isolate this path in t-butanol pyrolysis experiments Radical trappers consume radicals produced in the pyrolysis sufficiently fast to preclude significant secondary radical reactions with t-butanol. Numerical experiments were conducted to estimate the appropriate radical trapper (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) to fuel (t-butanol) molar ratios. The water elimination reaction was then studied in the temperature range of 658-980 K at 6.1 atm. The rate determination of water elimination reaction of t-butanol at each temperature was found by using a global least squares fit considering the species of water and isobutene. The resulting rates are then compared to previous exptl., computational and estimated rate currently in the literature. Anal. suggests that the water elimination reaction is faster than estimated from previous exptl. studies and occurs at a rate in good agreement with some more recent rate estimations [2].3-Chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile(cas: 658-98-0Product Details of 658-98-0) was used in this study.

3-Chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile(cas: 658-98-0) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons.Product Details of 658-98-0

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wu, Wenliang; Su, Weiping published their research in Journal of the American Chemical Society on August 10 ,2011. The article was titled 《Mild and Selective Ru-Catalyzed Formylation and Fe-Catalyzed Acylation of Free (N-H) Indoles Using Anilines as the Carbonyl Source》.Electric Literature of C10H6N2O The article contains the following contents:

Indoles undergo regioselective formylation and acylation reactions with N-methylaniline or N-benzylanilines in the presence of either ruthenium(III) or iron(II) chlorides using tert-Bu hydroperoxide as the oxidant to give 3-formyl or 3-benzoylindoles in 34-86% yields. The processes are operationally simple and compatible with a variety of functional groups. Reaction of indole with N-(13C-methyl)aniline yields 3-(13C-formyl)indole in 70% yield, unambiguously establishing that the carbonyl carbon in the formylation products originates from the Me group of N-Me aniline. In the experiment, the researchers used 3-Formyl-1H-indole-6-carbonitrile(cas: 83783-33-9Electric Literature of C10H6N2O)

3-Formyl-1H-indole-6-carbonitrile(cas: 83783-33-9) is a member of nitriles. Nitriles have been reduced to amines by many methods, especially by catalytic hydrogenation and by metal hydrides. Aliphatic and aromatic nitriles have also been reduced to nitro derivatives using hydrazinium monoformate in the presence of Raney-nickel.Electric Literature of C10H6N2O

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2008,Norris, Timothy; Leeman, Kyle published 《Development of a New Variant of the Migita Reaction for Carbon-Sulfur Bond Formation Used in the Manufacture of Tetrahydro-4-[3-[4-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]thio]phenyl-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide》.Organic Process Research & Development published the findings.HPLC of Formula: 31938-07-5 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Palladium-catalyzed carbon-sulfur bond formation using modified Migita reaction conditions was explored and applied to the synthesis of a former antiasthma drug candidate, tetrahydro-4-[3-[4-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]thio]phenyl-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide (1). The reaction was developed into a general method for thioaryl halide cross-coupling, and a specific example of its use to synthesize a key intermediate, tetrahydro-4-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)thio]phenyl-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide was demonstrated at large scale to provide phase II clin. supplies of 1. Comparison of the multistep phase I process and the two-step phase II process showed an overall yield advantage over the bond-forming steps from common starting material to active pharmaceutical ingredient API 1 of 40%. The ligand effect in the modified Migita reaction is described in detail. The second step of the scale-up process illustrated formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds without use of palladium catalysis, providing a contrast to the first reaction; both reactions were developed into efficient single-vessel direct isolation processes. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(3-Bromophenyl)acetonitrile(cas: 31938-07-5HPLC of Formula: 31938-07-5)

2-(3-Bromophenyl)acetonitrile(cas: 31938-07-5) has been used in the synthesis of a series of aminoethylbiphenyls, novel 5-HT7 receptor ligands or 2-(1-cyano-1-(3-bromophenyl))methylidene-3-phenylthiazolidine-4,5-dione.HPLC of Formula: 31938-07-5

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2019,Journal of Asian Natural Products Research included an article by Zhang, Juan; Li, Jia-Cheng; Song, Jia-Li; Cheng, Zhi-Qiang; Sun, Ji-Zheng; Jiang, Cheng-Shi. COA of Formula: C8H6BrN. The article was titled 《Synthesis and evaluation of coumarin/1,2,4-oxadiazole hybrids as selective BChE inhibitors with neuroprotective activity》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A series of new coumarin/1,2,4-oxadiazole hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibitory and neuroprotective activities. Among them, enantiomers and showed potent hBChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 8.17 and 9.56 μM, resp., and also exhibited good selectivity for hBChE over hAChE by 9.49- and 7.58-fold, resp. In addition, both compounds could protect SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity. The preliminary bioassay results provided a new chemotype for multifunctional anti-Alzheimer′s disease agents and continuing investigation into compounds and is warranted. In the experiment, the researchers used 4-Cyanobenzyl bromide(cas: 17201-43-3COA of Formula: C8H6BrN)

4-Cyanobenzyl bromide(cas: 17201-43-3) is used in the synthesis of ligands containing a chelating pyrazolyl-pyridine group with a pendant aromatic nitrile. It is also useful in the preparation of 4-[(2H-tetra-zol-2-yl)methyl]benzonitrile by reaction with 2H-tetrazole in the presence of potassium hydroxide.COA of Formula: C8H6BrN

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tauber, Carolin; Wamser, Rebekka; Arkona, Christoph; Tuegend, Marisa; Abdul Aziz, Umer Bin; Pach, Szymon; Schulz, Robert; Jochmans, Dirk; Wolber, Gerhard; Neyts, Johan; Rademann, Joerg published their research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021. The article was titled 《Chemical Evolution of Antivirals Against Enterovirus D68 through Protein-Templated Knoevenagel Reactions》.Name: 3-Oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile The article contains the following contents:

The generation of bioactive mols. from inactive precursors is a crucial step in the chem. evolution of life, however, mechanistic insights into this aspect of abiogenesis are scarce. Here, we investigate the protein-catalyzed formation of antivirals by the 3C-protease of enterovirus D68. The enzyme induces aldol condensations yielding inhibitors with antiviral activity in cells. Kinetic and thermodn. analyses reveal that the bioactivity emerges from a dynamic reaction system including inhibitor formation, alkylation of the protein target by the inhibitors, and competitive addition of non-protein nucleophiles to the inhibitors. The most active antivirals are slowly reversible inhibitors with elongated target residence times. The study reveals first examples for the chem. evolution of bio-actives through protein-catalyzed, non-enzymic C-C couplings. The discovered mechanism works under physiol. conditions and might constitute a native process of drug development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile(cas: 614-16-4Name: 3-Oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile)

3-Oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile(cas: 614-16-4) has been used to produce 2-benzoyl-3-furan-2-yl-acrylonitrile. It is an active methylene compound, useful in heterocyclic synthesis, e.g. polyfunctional pyridines and pyrimidines.Name: 3-Oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Staron, Jakub; Pietrus, Wojciech; Bugno, Ryszard; Kurczab, Rafal; Satala, Grzegorz; Warszycki, Dawid; Lenda, Tomasz; Wantuch, Anna; Hogendorf, Adam S.; Hogendorf, Agata; Duszynska, Beata; Bojarski, Andrzej J. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Tuning the activity of known drugs via the introduction of halogen atoms, a case study of SERT ligands – Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine》, and you may find the article in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.Electric Literature of C7H3BrFN The information in the text is summarized as follows:

To elucidate the role of halogen atoms in the binding of SSRIs to SERT, a series of 22 fluoxetine and fluvoxamine analogs substituted with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms, differently arranged on the Ph ring was designed. The obtained biol. activity data, supported by a thorough in silico binding mode anal., allowed the identification of two partners for halogen bond interactions: the backbone carbonyl oxygen atoms of E493 and T497. Addnl., compounds with heavier halogen atoms were found to bind with the SERT via a distinctly different binding mode, a result not presented elsewhere. The subsequent anal. of the prepared XSAR sets showed that E493 and T497 participated in the largest number of formed halogen bonds. The XSAR library anal. led to the synthesis of two of the most active compounds (3,4-diCl-fluoxetine, SERT Ki = 5 nM and 3,4-diCl-fluvoxamine, SERT Ki = 9 nM, fluoxetine SERT Ki = 31 nM, fluvoxamine SERT Ki = 458 nM). An example of the successful use of a rational methodol. was presented to analyze binding and design more active compounds by halogen atom introduction. ‘XSAR library anal.’, a new tool in medicinal chem., was instrumental in identifying optimal halogen atom substitution. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile(cas: 105942-08-3Electric Literature of C7H3BrFN)

4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile(cas:105942-08-3) is used as a reagent in the synthesis of picolinamide derivatives as a novel class of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors.Electric Literature of C7H3BrFN 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile is also used in the preparation of fluorinated CB2 receptor agonists for PET imaging.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2022,Yamada, Shigeyuki; Yoshida, Keigo; Sakurai, Tsuneaki; Hara, Mitsuo; Konno, Tustome published an article in Molecular Systems Design & Engineering. The title of the article was 《Effect of fluorine atoms in flexible chains on the phase transitions and photophysical behavior of D-π-A-type 4-alkoxy-4′-cyanodiphenylacetylene》.Application of 623-00-7 The author mentioned the following in the article:

D-π-A-type 4-alkoxy-4′-cyanodiphenylacetylenes bearing a decyloxy chain show a nematic liquid crystalline (LC) phase, whereas the incorporation of a semifluoroalkyl fragment results in a switch to the smectic A phase. The D-π-A-type π-conjugated mesogen exhibits photoluminescence, not only in solution and in the crystalline phase, but also in the mol. aggregated structure of the LC phase. In the experiment, the researchers used 4-Bromobenzonitrile(cas: 623-00-7Application of 623-00-7)

4-Bromobenzonitrile(cas: 623-00-7) is classified as organic nitriles, which are commonly use solvents and are reacted further for various applications such as manufacture of polymers and intermediates for pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals,Application of 623-00-7 It can also be used as an aryl halide test compound in developing greener reaction conditions for Suzuki cross-coupling between aryl halides and phenyl boronic acid.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts