Month: February 2023

Liquid crystalline compounds with positive dielectric anisotropy was written by Bezborodov, V. S.;Lapanik, V. I.;Mikhalyonok, S. G.. And the article was included in Zhidkie Kristally i Ikh Prakticheskoe Ispol’zovanie in 2015.HPLC of Formula: 82380-17-4 This article mentions the following:

In this paper we present the results of the investigations of liquid crystalline (LC) compounds with pos. dielec. anisotropy. The anal. of the properties of polar mesomorphic compounds and the electrooptical and dynamic parameters of the LC compositions based on them has shown that the polar liquid crystalline 1,3,2- dioxaborinane derivatives have several advantages in comparison with other analogous polar compounds They are characterized by a low formation temperature and a wide temperature range of the nematic phase, and allow preparation of liquid crystalline compositions with a low threshold voltage and shorter switching times. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (cas: 82380-17-4HPLC of Formula: 82380-17-4).

2-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (cas: 82380-17-4) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile carbon shifts are in the range of 115–125 ppm whereas in isonitriles the shifts are around 155–165 ppm. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.HPLC of Formula: 82380-17-4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

A general post-synthetic modification approach of amino-tagged metal-organic frameworks to access efficient catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction was written by Luan, Yi;Qi, Yue;Gao, Hongyi;Andriamitantsoa, Radoelizo S.;Zheng, Nannan;Wang, Ge. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2015.Synthetic Route of C18H10N2 This article mentions the following:

Four common transition metal derived metal-organic frameworks have been extensively investigated as heterogeneous catalyst supports for Knoevenagel condensation reactions [IRMOF-3, Cr-MIL-101-NH₂, UiO-66-NH₂, and Al-MIL-53-NH₂]. A simple post-synthetic modification strategy was employed for the rapid and facile introduction of a primary alkyl amino group. The resulting novel MOF-RNH₂ catalysts showed greatly enhanced Knoevenagel condensation reactivities towards a variety of aldehyde electrophiles [R = -CH₂CH(Me)-]. IRMOF-3 proved to be an unsuitable heterogeneous catalyst support due to its fragile nature upon treatment with bases. The novel zirconium based UiO-66-NH-RNH₂ and chromium based Cr-MIL-101-NH-RNH₂ materials showed excellent catalytic reactivities, while being highly convenient to synthesize. The basic catalytic activity was further extended to the Henry reaction, and excellent catalytic reactivity was achieved. The size-selectivity was also studied to show that the Knoevenagel condensation occurred inside of the porous structure of the MOF catalyst. The recycling properties of zirconium, aluminum and chromium derived MOFs were evaluated and zirconium based UiO-66 and chromium based Cr-MIL-101 showed excellent catalytic efficiency after five reaction cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Anthracen-9-ylmethylene)malononitrile (cas: 55490-87-4Synthetic Route of C18H10N2).

2-(Anthracen-9-ylmethylene)malononitrile (cas: 55490-87-4) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.Synthetic Route of C18H10N2

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric C(sp³)-H Alkynylation of Cyclic Amines by Intramolecular 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer was written by Guo, Rui;Xiao, Haijing;Li, Sijia;Luo, Yixin;Bai, Jiahui;Zhang, Mengzhen;Guo, Yinlong;Qi, Xiaotian;Zhang, Guozhu. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.SDS of cas: 53312-77-9 This article mentions the following:

The development of a mild and general method for C(sp³)-H functionalization of cyclic amines has been an ongoing challenge. In this work, authors describe the copper-catalyzed enantioselective C(sp³)-H alkynylation of unactivated cyclic 2-iodo-benzamide under photo-irradiation by intramol. 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The employment of a new bisoxazoline diphenylamine ligand, in conjunction with 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol, which significantly improved the reduction potential of the copper complex, was the key to success of this chem. Mechanistic and computational studies supported that the new copper complex served the dual role as a photoredox and coupling catalyst, the reaction went through a radical process, and the intramol. 1,5-HAT process was involved in the rate-limiting step. Apart from the broad substrate scope including unprecedented benzocyclic amines, this method also showed excellent diastereoselectivity in 2-monosubstituted cyclic amines via substrate control. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile (cas: 53312-77-9SDS of cas: 53312-77-9).

2-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile (cas: 53312-77-9) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.SDS of cas: 53312-77-9

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dynamic modeling of consecutive reactions: application to the acrylonitrile amination was written by Kadri, Brahim;Fabre, Bernard;Accary, Armand;Kessler, Mathieu. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering in 1998.Quality Control of 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile This article mentions the following:

When dealing with optimal control problems to maximize the selectivity of reactions for fine chem. synthesis, representative kinetic and thermodn. models should be available. While literature appears to be very extensive on theor. approaches to solve the problem, examples presenting complete models of chem. transformations are scarce. This paper presents the identification of consecutive reactions carried out in a batch reactor. Material and energy balances, satisfying dynamical state evolutions in the temperature range 20-60°C are deduced, for concentrations of acrylonitrile ranging up to 1.6 kmol·m^-3. The stoichiometric network is simplified into two reactions, one reversible and one irreversible. Reaction enthalpies are measured from isothermal runs conducted in the RC1 heat-flow calorimeter from Mettler Toledo. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1Quality Control of 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile).

3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Quality Control of 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Studies on monolayers. 1. Surface tension and absorption spectroscopic measurements of monolayers of surface-active azo and stilbene dyes was written by Heesemann, Juergen. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1980.Formula: C8H6N2O2 This article mentions the following:

In order to develop new mols. as functional components of monolayer assemblies a series of 9 surface-active azo and stilbene compounds were synthesized. Their monolayer properties at the air-water interface were studied by surface pressure-surface area measurements and spectroscopic techniques. Small changes in the mol. structure of the surfactants (such as length of the fatty acid chain, type of the chromophore, etc.) have an immense influence on the monolayer properties. For monolayers of some of the dyes, van der Waals-like isotherms are obtained, which show a liquid expanded state, a phase transition region, and a condensed state. Monolayer absorbance spectra show that in the liquid expanded state at 100-110 Ų/mol. the chromophores lie flatly on the water surface, forming monomers. Surface absorbance-surface area isotherms show that the phase transition region of the isotherms can be assigned to a change of orientation of the chromophore axis (horizontal → vertical) and an aggregation of the chromophores (monomers → H aggregates). High dichroic and narrow absorbance bands are observed for condensed films of several dyes, which are assigned to H aggregates (planar pincushion-like arrangement of the chromophores). By means of mol. models several mol. arrangements are discussed which are consistent with the exptl. results. Numerous synthetic intermediates are included in the present paper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6Formula: C8H6N2O2).

5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Formula: C8H6N2O2

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Studies on the in vitro hepatic microsomal formation of amides during the metabolism of certain secondary and tertiary benzylic amines was written by Ulgen, M.;Gorrod, J. W.. And the article was included in European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in 2000.Name: 4-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile This article mentions the following:

A review with 21 references Part of our interest during the last few years has been to investigate the possible intermediate(s) and mechanism(s) involved in the formation of amides from N-benzylic amines. A number of benzylic amines with different aryl and alkyl moieties introduced onto the constituent nitrogen were prepared, thus creating a wide variety of secondary, tertiary and heterocyclic benzylic amines with different logP and pKa characteristics (Tables I & II). In some experiments, the possible intermediates of this reaction, i.e. nitrones (Table III), imines (Table IV) and amides themselves (Table V), were used as substrates in our metabolic studies. Their in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism was studied in order to obtain a structure/metabolic activity relationship for the formation of amides from benzylic amines. This communication reviews these studies and reports our conclusions as to the mechanism of formation of amides from N-benzylic amines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 10282-32-3Name: 4-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile).

4-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 10282-32-3) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Asymmetric bioreduction of nitriles is an attractive route to produce optically active nitriles as current metal-catalyzed hydrogenations tend to have low reactivity.Name: 4-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Silanols Involving Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Silylation Leading to a New Ligand Scaffold was written by Zhang, Hongpeng;Zhao, Dongbing. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 36057-44-0 This article mentions the following:

Despite a growing focus on the construction of highly enantioenriched silicon-stereogenic organosilicon compounds, the enantioselective synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanols through asym. catalysis remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we realized enantioselective construction of silicon-stereogenic diarylsilanols via an Ir-catalyzed C-H silylation of diarylsilanols along with stereospecific substitution or Tamao-Fleming oxidation This strategy gives rise to a class of chiral diol catalyst cores (PSiOLs). Transformation of PSiOLs led to the ligand possessing both Si and P-stereocenters, which is capable of inducing excellent enantioselectivity in the rhodium(I)-catalyzed conjugate 1,4-addition of aryl boronic acids to cyclohexenone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0HPLC of Formula: 36057-44-0).

4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.HPLC of Formula: 36057-44-0

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

A simplified method to prepare 2-amino-5-bromopyrimidine. A laboratory experiment was written by Fichter, Richard;Bonvicino, Guido E.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Education in 1985.Quality Control of 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

An experiment for undergraduate organic chem. students is described in the preparation of 2-amino-5-bromopyridine by the bromination of 2-aminopyrimidine. The preparation of 2-amino-5-cyanopyrimidine from 2-amino-5-bromopyrimidine is also described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1753-48-6Quality Control of 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile).

2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1753-48-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.Quality Control of 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Flexible covalent tripods in nonadentate podands: synthesis of tris[3-(6-diethylcarbamoylpyridine-2-carboxamido)propyl]amine and its complexing properties with trivalent lanthanides was written by Renaud, Fabien;Decurnex, Carole;Piguet, Claude;Hopfgartner, Gerard. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions in 2001.Electric Literature of C9H12N4 This article mentions the following:

The nonadentate podand tris[3-(6-diethylcarbamoylpyridine-2-carboxamido)propyl]amine (L¹⁴) is prepared according to a multistep strategy using the flexible tris(3-(N-methylamino)propyl)amine (Me-TRPN) covalent tripod. L¹⁴ exists as a statistical mixture of four conformers in solution whose distribution is slightly affected by protonation of the apical nitrogen atom in [L¹⁴ + H]⁺. Reactions of L¹⁴ and [L¹⁴ + H]⁺ with Ln³⁺ (Ln = La-Lu) produce flexible and poorly stable 1:1 podates [Ln(L¹⁴)]³⁺ and [Ln(L¹⁴ + H)]⁴⁺ in which the terdentate chelating binding units exhibit partial dynamic on-off complexation equilibrium In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1Electric Literature of C9H12N4).

3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Electric Literature of C9H12N4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reactions of N-aminopyridinium derivatives. XII. Nucleophilic reactions of N-aminopyridinium derivatives was written by Ohsawa, Akio;Hirobe, Masaaki;Okamoto, Toshihiko. And the article was included in Yakugaku Zasshi in 1972.Synthetic Route of C7H6N2O This article mentions the following:

Derivatives of N-aminopyridine were synthesized and these derivatives underwent reaction with nucleophilic reagents. Progress of this reaction depended on the activity of the reagents as a nucleophilic species, substituent effect of the substrate, and reaction conditions. Electron-withdrawing nature of the substituent on the amino group determines the activity of the substrate while that of the substituent on ring C determines the orientation of the reaction, the greater the electron-withdrawing nature of ring C the greater the orientation towards the 2-position. The reaction results in addition and (or) substitution reaction and the reaction can be explained without inconsistency by assuming the progress of this reaction in 2 steps of addition and liberation even when only a substitution product is obtained. Depending on whether the addition step is reversible or irreversible, each step will be controlled either by thermokinetics or by chem. kinetics, and orientation towards the 4- or 2-position will be determined by which of these forces would be stronger. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0Synthetic Route of C7H6N2O).

4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Synthetic Route of C7H6N2O

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts