Month: February 2023

Selectively Oxidative Thiolysis of Nitriles into Primary Thioamides and Insecticidal Application was written by Huang, Zhuo-Bin;Guo, Xue-Ying;Huang, Zi-Hao;Li, Ming-Hua;Dong, Shou-Cheng;Tang, Ri-Yuan. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Product Details of 36057-44-0 This article mentions the following:

Primary thioamides were useful building blocks for drug and insecticide development, therefore an environmentally benign synthesis of primary thioamides was desired. An oxidative thiolysis for the selective transformation of nitriles into primary thioamides using elemental sulfur or thiuram in the presence of K₂S₂O₈ in DMF/H₂O was discussed. This practical method enables access to a wide range of synthetically and pharmaceutically useful primary thioamides. Advantages of this reaction include transition-metal-free and base-free reaction conditions, use of an environmentally benign solvent (DMF/H₂O) system, the use of non-toxic elemental sulfur or thiuram as the sulfur sources, and good functional groups tolerances with excellent selectivity. Furthermore, the insecticide Fipronil was also converted to the corresponding thioamide and maintains excellent bioactivity against P. xylostella. The LC₅₀ value of Fipronil thioamide was 1.25 mg/L. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0Product Details of 36057-44-0).

4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile carbon shifts are in the range of 115–125 ppm whereas in isonitriles the shifts are around 155–165 ppm. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Product Details of 36057-44-0

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Application of Structure-Based Drug Design and Parallel Chemistry to Identify Selective, Brain Penetrant, In Vivo Active Phosphodiesterase 9A Inhibitors was written by Claffey, Michelle M.;Helal, Christopher J.;Verhoest, Patrick R.;Kang, Zhijun;Bundesmann, Mark W.;Hou, Xinjun;Lui, Shenping;Kleiman, Robin J.;Vanase-Frawley, Michelle;Schmidt, Anne W.;Menniti, Frank;Schmidt, Christopher J.;Hoffman, William E.;Hajos, Mihaly;McDowell, Laura;O’Connor, Rebecca E.;MacDougall-Murphy, Mary;Fonseca, Kari R.;Becker, Stacey L.;Nelson, Frederick R.;Liras, Spiros. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Recommanded Product: 2-Fluoro-5-hydroxybenzenecarbonitrile This article mentions the following:

Phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitors have shown activity in preclin. models of cognition with potential application as novel therapies for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Our clin. candidate, PF-04447943 (2), demonstrated acceptable CNS permeability in rats with modest asymmetry between central and peripheral compartments (free brain/free plasma = 0.32; CSF/free plasma = 0.19) yet had physicochem. properties outside the range associated with traditional CNS drugs. To address the potential risk of restricted CNS penetration with 2 in human clin. trials, we sought to identify a preclin. candidate with no asymmetry in rat brain penetration and that could advance into development. Merging the medicinal chem. strategies of structure-based design with parallel chem., a novel series of PDE9A inhibitors was identified that showed improved selectivity over PDE1C. Optimization afforded preclin. candidate 19 that demonstrated free brain/free plasma ≥1 in rat and reduced microsomal clearance along with the ability to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphosphate levels in rat CSF. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Fluoro-5-hydroxybenzenecarbonitrile (cas: 104798-53-0Recommanded Product: 2-Fluoro-5-hydroxybenzenecarbonitrile).

2-Fluoro-5-hydroxybenzenecarbonitrile (cas: 104798-53-0) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.Recommanded Product: 2-Fluoro-5-hydroxybenzenecarbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cyano-substituted 5-thiabicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-enes: reactions and relevance to cyanothiophene phototranspositions was written by Barltrop, John A.;Day, A. Colin;Irving, Edward. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications in 1979.Quality Control of 3-Methylthiophene-2-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

The title thiabicyclopentenes were detected by NMR as intermediates in the photorearrangements of cyanothiophenes. Thiabicyclopentene I was obtained (6%) on irradiation of 3-cyano-2-methyl- or -4-methylthiophene in cyclohexane at ∼34°. Aromatization and rearrangement by S walk of I, which occur photochem. and thermally, and its Diels-Alder reactions with furan and 2,5-diphenyl-3,4-benzofuran were studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methylthiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 55406-13-8Quality Control of 3-Methylthiophene-2-carbonitrile).

3-Methylthiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 55406-13-8) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Quality Control of 3-Methylthiophene-2-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Side chain hydroxylation of aromatic compounds by fungi. 1. Products and stereochemistry was written by Holland, Herbert L.;Bergen, Eleanor J.;Chenchaiah, P. Chinna;Khan, Shaheer H.;Munoz, Benito;Ninniss, Ronald W.;Richards, Denise. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Chemistry in 1987.Synthetic Route of C9H9NO This article mentions the following:

The fungus Mortierella isabellina can convert ethylbenzene and a number of para-substituted derivatives to the corresponding optically active 1-phenylethanols with enantiomeric excesses between 5% and 40% and chem. yields up to 45%. 2-Ethylnaphthalene, 2-ethylthiophene, and n-propylbenzene were similarly converted, as were the bicyclic compounds indane and tetralin. In most cases, the R absolute configuration of product predominated. The fungi Cunninghamella echinulata elegans and Helminthosporium species are also capable of performing some of these transformations. M. isabellina And C. elegans also produce 2-phenylethanols as products in some cases. The highest enantiomeric excesses during benzylic hydroxylation were obtained with Helminthosporium and are attributable, at least in part, to further stereoselective oxidation of the alchol. Cross-induction experiments with M. isabellina indicate that the same enzyme may be responsible for the benzylic hydroxylation of ethylbenzene, 2-ethylthiophene, and 2-ethylnaphthalene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6Synthetic Route of C9H9NO).

(R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile carbon shifts are in the range of 115–125 ppm whereas in isonitriles the shifts are around 155–165 ppm. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.Synthetic Route of C9H9NO

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

2-Formylpyridyl Ureas as Highly Selective Reversible-Covalent Inhibitors of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 was written by Knoepfel, Thomas;Furet, Pascal;Mah, Robert;Buschmann, Nicole;Leblanc, Catherine;Ripoche, Sebastien;Graus-Porta, Diana;Wartmann, Markus;Galuba, Inga;Fairhurst, Robin A.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2018.Electric Literature of C5H4N4 This article mentions the following:

As part of a project to identify FGFR4 selective inhibitors, scaffold morphing of a 2-formylquinoline amide hit identified series of 2-formylpyridine ureas (2-FPUs) with improved potency and physicochem. properties. In particular, tetrahydronaphthyridine urea analogs with cellular activities below 30 nM have been identified. Consistent with the hypothesized reversible-covalent mechanism of inhibition, the 2-FPUs exhibited slow binding kinetics, and the aldehyde, as the putative electrophile, could be demonstrated to be a key structural element for activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1753-48-6Electric Literature of C5H4N4).

2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1753-48-6) belongs to nitriles. Trimerization of aromatic nitriles requires harsh reaction conditions, high temperatures, long reaction times, and pressure. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.Electric Literature of C5H4N4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

A coumarin based fluorescent chemodosimeter for phosgene gas detection instantaneously in solution and the gas phase was written by Paul, Sima;Ghosh, Pritam;Roy, Partha. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2020.Reference of 51473-74-6 This article mentions the following:

A coumarin based compound, 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde oxime (DCCO), was developed as a visual fluorescent chemodosimeter for selective detection of highly toxic phosgene gas. DCCO exhibits absorption bands at 330 nm and 425 nm. In the presence of phosgene, the absorbance at 330 nm increases and the peak at 425 nm is shifted to 420 nm with decreasing absorbance accompanying a color change from yellow to colorless. The fluorescence intensity of the probe at 483 nm is enhanced in the presence of phosgene (λ_ex = 425 nm) but nerve agents and other acid chlorides including trisphosgene could not induce any significant enhancement of the fluorescence. DCCO on interaction with phosgene is converted to the corresponding nitrile derivative, 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (DCC). The quantum yield was increased 13 fold on conversion from DCCO to DCC. The fluorescence enhancement was explained by the ICT mechanism, which was supported by theor. calculations It exhibits a rapid response for naked eye detection of phosgene. DCCO was used for the detection of phosgene in solution and the gas phase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-(Diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 51473-74-6Reference of 51473-74-6).

7-(Diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 51473-74-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Nitriles are susceptible to hydrogenation over diverse metal catalysts. The reaction can afford either the primary amine (RCH2NH2) or the tertiary amine ((RCH2)3N), depending on conditions.Reference of 51473-74-6

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of quinazolines was written by Bergman, Jan;Brynolf, Anna;Elman, Bjoern;Vuorinen, Eino. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1986.Electric Literature of C7H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of RMgX (R = Me, Et, Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, Me₂CH, Bu; X = Cl, Br, iodo) with 2-H₂NC₆H₄CN gave the intermediate 2-H₂NC₆H₄CR:N^– (I), which were cyclized to quinazolines by reaction with carbonyl compounds (e.g., acid chlorides, anhydrides, formates, and oxalates). Reaction of I with aldehydes, e.g. PhCHO, gave 1,2-dihydroquinazolines, which were readily dehydrogenated. Reaction of I with ClCO₂Me gave 4-phenyl-2-quinazolinone, which was reduced to 3,4-dihydro-4-phenyl-2-quinazolinone by NaBH₄ in AcOH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzonitrile (cas: 68385-95-5Electric Literature of C7H4Br2N2).

2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzonitrile (cas: 68385-95-5) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Electric Literature of C7H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selective deoxygenative alkylation of alcohols via photocatalytic domino radical fragmentations was written by Guo, Hong-Mei;Wu, Xuesong. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Related Products of 24056-34-6 This article mentions the following:

A one-pot strategy for deoxygenative Giese reaction of alcs. with electron-deficient alkenes, by using xanthate salts as alc.-activating groups for radical generation under visible-light photoredox conditions in the presence of triphenylphosphine were reported. The convenient generation of xanthate salts and high reactivity of sequential C-S/C-O bond homolytic cleavage enable efficient deoxygenation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcs. with diverse functionality and structure to generate the corresponding alkyl radicals, including Me radical. Moreover, chemoselective radical monodeoxygenation of diols was achieved via selective formation of xanthate salts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile (cas: 24056-34-6Related Products of 24056-34-6).

4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile (cas: 24056-34-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Related Products of 24056-34-6

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery and in Vivo Evaluation of the Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-6-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-0687) and 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-5-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-1430) was written by Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso, Felix;Hao, Xiaolin;Shin, Youngsook;Bui, Minna;Campuzano, Iain D. G.;Cardozo, Mario;Dunn, Michelle C.;Duquette, Jason;Fisher, Benjamin;Foti, Robert S.;Henne, Kirk;He, Xiao;Hu, Yi-Ling;Kelly, Ron C.;Johnson, Michael G.;Lucas, Brian S.;McCarter, John;McGee, Lawrence R.;Medina, Julio C.;Metz, Daniela;San Miguel, Tisha;Mohn, Deanna;Tran, Thuy;Vissinga, Christine;Wannberg, Sharon;Whittington, Douglas A.;Whoriskey, John;Yu, Gang;Zalameda, Leeanne;Zhang, Xuxia;Cushing, Timothy D.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Product Details of 60025-09-4 This article mentions the following:

Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic profile of the lead 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinoline led to the discovery of two potent, selective, and orally bioavailable PI3Kδ inhibitors, I (AM-0687) and II (AM-1430). On the basis of their improved profile, these analogs were selected for in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy experiments in animal models of inflammation. The in vivo PD studies, which were carried out in a mouse pAKT inhibition animal model, confirmed the observed potency of I and II in biochem. and cellular assays. Efficacy experiments in a keyhole limpet hemocyanin model in rats demonstrated that administration of either I or II resulted in a strong dose-dependent reduction of IgG and IgM specific antibodies. The excellent in vitro and in vivo profiles of these analogs make them suitable for further development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4Product Details of 60025-09-4).

4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4) belongs to nitriles. The R-C-N bond angle in and nitrile is 180° which give a nitrile functional group a linear shape. Both the carbon and the nitrogen are sp hydridized which leaves them both with two p orbitals which overlap to form the two π bond in the triple bond. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Product Details of 60025-09-4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

An ion-pair immobilization strategy in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones was written by Xu, Yulong;Cheng, Tanyu;Long, Jie;Liu, Ketang;Qian, Qingqian;Gao, Fei;Liu, Guohua;Li, Hexing. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2012.Related Products of 101219-69-6 This article mentions the following:

A chiral diamine-based homogeneous cationic rhodium catalyst was developed and two heterogeneous cationic rhodium catalysts were obtained via the encapsulation of the homogeneous cationic rhodium catalyst within Me-SBA-15 and Me-SBA-16. All these catalysts presented excellent catalytic activities and high enantioselectivities in ultrasound-promoted asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones and represent a successful use of the ion-pair immobilization strategy. More importantly, the encapsulation of the cationic rhodium functionality within Me-SBA-16 had an obvious high recyclability, in which the recycled catalyst could be reused nine times without significantly affecting its enantioselectivity, showing good potential in industrial application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6Related Products of 101219-69-6).

(R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Related Products of 101219-69-6

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts