Category: 91-15-6

Lee, Chuping published the artcileToward understanding the ionization mechanism of matrix-assisted ionization using mass spectrometry experiment and theory, Application In Synthesis of 91-15-6, the main research area is ionization mechanism MALDI mass spectrometry experiment theory.

Rationale : Matrix-assisted ionization (MAI) mass spectrometry does not require voltages, a laser beam, or added heat to initiate ionization, but it is strongly dependent on the choice of matrix and the vacuum conditions. High charge state distributions of nonvolatile analyte ions produced by MAI suggest that the ionization mechanism may be similar to that of electrospray ionization (ESI), but different from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). While significant information is available for MAI using mass spectrometers operating at atm. and intermediate pressure, little is known about the mechanism at high vacuum. Methods : Eleven MAI matrixes were studied on a high-vacuum time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer using a 266. nm pulsed laser beam under otherwise typical MALDI conditions. Detailed comparisons with the commonly used MALDI matrixes and theor. prediction were made for 3-nitrobenzonitrile (3-NBN), which is the only MAI matrix that works well in high vacuum when irradiated with a laser. Results : Screening of MAI matrixes with good absorption at 266 nm but with various degrees of volatility and laser energies suggests that volatility and absorption at the laser wavelength may be necessary, but not sufficient, criteria to explain the formation of multiply charged analyte ions. 3-NBN produces intact, highly charged ions of nonvolatile analytes in high-vacuum TOF using a laser, demonstrating that ESI-like ions can be produced in high vacuum. Theor. calculations and mass spectra suggest that thermally induced proton transfer, which is the major ionization mechanism in MALDI, is not important with the 3-NBN matrix at 266 nm laser wavelength. 3-NBN:analyte crystal morphol. is, however, important in ion generation in high vacuum. Conclusions : The 3-NBN MAI matrix produces intact, highly charged ions of nonvolatile compounds in high-vacuum TOF mass spectrometers with the aid of ablation and/or heating by laser irradiation, and shows a different ionization mechanism from that of typical MALDI matrixes.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published new progress about Ionization. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Application In Synthesis of 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Molaei, Somayeh published the artcileOrdered mesoporous SBA-15 functionalized with yttrium(III) and cerium(III) complexes: Towards active heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation of sulfides and preparation of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles, Safety of Phthalonitrile, the main research area is sulfoxide tetrazole preparation SBA 15 functionalized yttrium cerium complex; sulfide nitrile oxidation.

Mesoporous SBA-15 was synthesized and modified with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and then used in immobilization of creatinine groups, which were employed to introduce Y3+ and Ce3+ to give rise to two novel yttrium and cerium catalysts: SBA-15@Creatinine@M (M = Y and Ce). The structures of the SBA-15@Creatinine@M catalysts were determined using various techniques. These catalysts offered outstanding catalytic performances in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and in the preparation of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles. An important characteristic of the SBA-15@Creatinine@M catalysts is that they are very stable without a considerable decrease in their catalytic performance lasting seven cycles.

Applied Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about IR spectra. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Safety of Phthalonitrile.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kamiya, Yusuke published the artcilePrediction of permeability across intestinal cell monolayers for 219 disparate chemicals using in vitro experimental coefficients in a pH gradient system and in silico analyses by trivariate linear regressions and machine learning, Computed Properties of 91-15-6, the main research area is intestinal cell monolayer permeability silico TLR machine learning; Caco-2 cells; Machine learning; Multivariate analysis; Octanol–water distribution coefficient; Permeability.

For medicines, the apparent membrane permeability coefficients (Papp) across human colorectal carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) monolayers under a pH gradient generally correlate with the fraction absorbed after oral intake. Furthermore, the in vitro Papp values of 29 industrial chems. were found to have an inverse association with their reported no-observed effect levels for hepatotoxicity in rats. In the current study, we expanded our influx permeability predictions for the 90 previously investigated chems. to both influx and efflux permeability predictions for 207 diverse primary compounds, along with those for 23 secondary compounds Trivariate linear regression anal. found that the observed influx and efflux logPapp values determined by in vitro experiments significantly correlated with mol. weights and the octanol-water distribution coefficients at apical and basal pH levels (pH 6.0 and 7.4, resp.) (apical to basal, r = 0.76, n = 198; and basal to apical, r = 0.77, n = 202); the distribution coefficients were estimated in silico. Further, prediction accuracy was enhanced by applying a light gradient boosting machine learning system (LightGBM) to estimate influx and efflux logPapp values that incorporated 17 and 19 in silico chem. descriptors (r = 0.83-0.84, p < 0.001). The determination in vitro and/or prediction in silico of permeability coefficients across intestinal cell monolayers of a diverse range of industrial chems./food components/medicines could contribute to the safety evaluations of oral intakes of general chems. in humans. Such new alternative methods could also reduce the need for animal testing during toxicity assessment. Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Algorithm. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Computed Properties of 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Xulin published the artcileDesigning phthalonitrile/hydroxyl compound systems for high performance CFRP composites, HPLC of Formula: 91-15-6, the main research area is phthalonitrile hydroxyl compound system carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite.

High mech. residues at/after elevated temperatures are basic prerequisites for the engineering applications of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in special fields like aerospace. In this study, phthalonitrile (PNP) copolymers based on hydroxyl compounds of BP monomer, PEP and BZCN resin were designed and their curing behavior and processability were investigated for realizing the corresponding CFRP composites. High temperature mech. performances of PNP/hydroxyl compound/CF composites under instantaneous and non-instantaneous states are systematically assessed. At 300°C, PNP/hydroxyl compounds/CF composite showed a retention rate of tensile, compressive, flexural strength and flexural modulus higher than 35%, 95%, 80% and 90%, resp. After 300°C/50 h thermal aging, their flexural properties show no obvious attenuation. Even after being aged at 350°C for 50 h, the residue of flexural modulus is above 90% while that of flexural strength is over 60%. The mass residue of PNP/hydroxyl compounds/CF composites were all higher than 98% and 90% after aging at 300°C and 350°C for 50 h. PNP/hydroxyl compounds/CF composites, with the excellent comprehensive mech. properties, can be used as high performance engineering materials.

Materials Research Express published new progress about Bending strength. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, HPLC of Formula: 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guo, Hongguang published the artcileHigh Potential of Methane Production from Coal by Fungi and Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens from Produced Water, HPLC of Formula: 91-15-6, the main research area is methane coal fungus hydrogenotrophic methanogen water bacteria organic.

Studying in situ microorganisms is essential to understand the formation of biogenic coalbed methane (CBM). Only a few studies have studied the fungi community inhabiting in coal seams although fungi degrade refractory compounds and solubilize coal and even work with methanogens to produce methane. Produced H2O was collected from Qinshui Basin and used as the source of microflora to degrade coal. The function of fungi was analyzed by inhibition of bacteria with antibiotics. The inhibition of bacteria in the microcosms significantly increased the methane yield. Fungi were more favorable to cooperate with hydrogenotrophic methanogens when bacteria were inhibited as Methanobacterium were the predominant archaea accounting for 45.98-86.98% of the sequence reads. The relatively unchanged fungal community and high volatile fatty acids (VFAs) yields (48.70-85.72%) in the presence of antibiotics might contribute to H2 production to facilitate hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. On the contrary, the dominant methanogens in microcosms without antibiotics gradually changed from Methanobacterium (89.85%) to Methanoceta (46.19%) and finally to Methanobacterium (87.72%). The bacterial community and organic intermediates have also changed greatly over time, which can be the reason for the succession of the methanogens. Probably fungi in produced H2O can play an important role in coal biodegradation to produce VFAs and H2 that support hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, which could be neg. impacted by the existence of bacteria.

Energy & Fuels published new progress about Acetoanaerobium. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, HPLC of Formula: 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zheng, Ke published the artcileNovel pH-Triggered Doxorubicin-Releasing Nanoparticles Self-Assembled by Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin and Amphiphilic Phthalocyanine for Anticancer Therapy, Application of Phthalonitrile, the main research area is cyclodextrin nanotheranostic pH sensitive release combination therapy phthalocyanine; combination therapy; cyclodextrin; nanotheranostics; pH-sensitive release; phthalocyanine.

Cyclodextrins (CDs), as pharmaceutical excipients with excellent biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and low toxicity in vivo, are widely used to carry drugs by forming inclusion complexes for improving the solubility and stability of drugs. However, the limited space of CDsâ€?lipophilic central cavity affects the loading of many drugs, especially with larger mols. In this study, β-CDs were modified by acetonization to improve the affinity for the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX), and doxorubicin-adsorbing acetalated β-CDs (Ac-CD:DOX) self-assembled to nanoparticles, followed by coating with the amphiphilic zinc phthalocyanine photosensitizer ZnPc-(PEG)5 for antitumor therapy. The final product ZnPc-(PEG)5:Ac-CD:DOX was demonstrated to have excellent stability and pH-sensitive drug release characteristics. The cell viability and apoptosis assay showed synergistic cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and phototherapy. The mechanism of cytotoxicity was analyzed in terms of intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and subcellular localization. More importantly, in vivo experiments indicated that ZnPc-(PEG)5:Ac-CD:DOX possessed significant tumor targeting, prominent antitumor activity, and less side effects. Our strategy expands the application of CDs as drug carriers and provides new insights into the development of CD chem.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about Antitumor agents. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Application of Phthalonitrile.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Uruma, Yoshiyuki published the artcileSynthesis and biological evaluation of glucose conjugated phthalocyanine as a second-generation photosensitizer, Synthetic Route of 91-15-6, the main research area is glucose conjugated phthalocyanine preparation PDT photosensitizer cancer; Glucose; Hypoxia; Near-infrared (NIR) irradiation; Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Photosensitizers (PSs); Phthalocyanine (Pc).

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment method using light and photosensitizers (PSs), which is categorized as a non-invasive surgery treatment for cancers. When the tumor is exposed to a specific light, the PSs become active and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly singlet oxygen which kills nearby cancer cells. PDT is becoming more widely recognized as a valuable treatment option for localized cancers and pre-cancers of skin as it has no long-term effects on the patient. But, due to the limited penetration rate of light into the skin and other organs, PDT can’t be used to treat large cancer cells or cancer cells that have grown deeply into the skin or other organs. Hence, in this study, our focus centers on synthesizing glucose-conjugated phthalocyanine (Pc) compatible with near-IR (NIR) irradiation as second-generation photosensitizer, so that PDT can be used in a wider range to treat cancers without obstacles.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Antitumor agents. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Synthetic Route of 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Xingshu published the artcileIn Vivo Albumin Traps Photosensitizer Monomers from Self-Assembled Phthalocyanine Nanovesicles: A Facile and Switchable Theranostic Approach, Computed Properties of 91-15-6, the main research area is albumin photosensitizer self assembly phthalocyanine nanovesicle switchable theranostic.

Albumin is a promising candidate as a biomarker for potential disease diagnostics and has been extensively used as a drug delivery carrier for decades. In these two directions, many albumin-detecting probes and exogenous albumin-based nanocomposite delivery systems have been developed. However, there are only a few cases demonstrating the specific interactions of exogenous probes with albumin in vivo, and nanocomposite delivery systems usually suffer from tedious fabrication processes and potential toxicity of the complexes. Herein, we demonstrate a facile “”one-for-all”” switchable nanotheranostic (NanoPcS) for both albumin detection and cancer treatment. In particular, the in vivo specific binding between albumin and PcS, arising from the disassembly of injected NanoPcS, is confirmed using an inducible transgenic mouse system. Fluorescence imaging and antitumor tests on different tumor models suggest that NanoPcS has superior tumor-targeting ability and the potential for time-modulated, activatable photodynamic therapy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Antitumor agents. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Computed Properties of 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Xuan published the artcileA monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor phthalocyanine conjugate for targeted photodynamic therapy and inhibition of prostate cancer metastasis in vitro, Recommanded Product: Phthalonitrile, the main research area is preparation MAOA inhibitor phthalocyanine conjugate prostate cancer metastasis PDT.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an alternative non-invasive clin. treatment modality, has been extensively employed for various anticancer applications in preclin. and clin. trials. However, there is hardly any PDT research based on invasive or metastatic tumors. But it can′t be ignored that cancer metastases are responsible for 90% of all cancer-related death. Among these metastatic cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is regarded as one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths amongst male patients due to its high metastasis and high fatality rate. At present, it remains a great challenge to apply traditional PDT technol. for inhibiting prostate cancer metastasis. In this work, we successfully designed and synthesized a novel MAO-A targeted photosensitizer Pc-MLB for targeted photodynamic treatment of prostate cancer and inhibiting its metastasis in vitro. In vitro experiments demonstrate that Pc-MLB shows high target affinity and specificity towards prostate cancer cells and remarkable photodynamic anticancer activity compared with the control. More significantly, the migration and invasion assays show that Pc-MLB exhibits the ability to inhibit the migration and metastasis of prostate cancer cells to some extent.

Dyes and Pigments published new progress about Antitumor agents. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Recommanded Product: Phthalonitrile.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ekineker, Gulcin published the artcileNewly axially silicon (IV) phthalocyanine photosensitizer: design, synthesis and photo-chemical properties, HPLC of Formula: 91-15-6, the main research area is silicon phthalocyanine photosensitizer design synthesis photochem property.

Phthalocyanines as used a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy, phthalocyanines exhibit their long wavelength absorption and the ability to produce high singlet oxygen for tumor destruction with 650 to 900 nm fluorescence. In this study, new axially substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (PS-4) was synthesized to determine photo-chem. properties using 2-methoxyethanol as an axial ligand to increase singlet oxygen quantum yield. Structural characterization of this new axially substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine were performed by IR, mass, 1H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. As axially substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (PS-4) is thought to be a promising PDT agent, photo-chem. properties for cancer treatment with PDT have been investigated.

CBU Journal of Science published new progress about Antitumor agents. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, HPLC of Formula: 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts