Tag: 100-200

Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies on relative sweetness of aniline derivatives was written by Zhu, Lilan. And the article was included in Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China) in 2011.Category: nitriles-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In this article, a novel connectivity index (^mL_t^v) was established by extending Kier’s connectivity index (^mX_t^v). The quant. structure-activity relationship (QSSR) between the relative sweetness (R_S/B) of 20 nitroaniline and cyanoaniline derivatives and ^mL_t^v was explored using multivariate statistical regression. Based on leaps-and-bounds regression anal., an optimal binary QSAR model was set up. The traditional correlation coefficient (R) and cross-validation correlation coefficient (Q²) of leave-one-out (LOO) were 0.943 and 0.844, resp. These results demonstrated that the model was highly reliable and had good prediction capability. Meanwhile, it was better than that of Kier’s connectivity index. Moreover, the model could be explained by the AH-B-W sweetness theory of Shallenberger and Kier. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1Category: nitriles-buliding-blocks).

3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Category: nitriles-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Immobilization of rhodium-based transfer hydrogenation catalysts on mesoporous silica materials was written by Long, Jie;Liu, Guohua;Cheng, Tanyu;Yao, Hui;Qian, Qingqian;Zhuang, Jinglan;Gao, Fei;Li, Hexing. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2013.Synthetic Route of C9H9NO This article mentions the following:

Rhodium TsDPEN complex was immobilized on mesoporous silica as reusable catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones into chiral benzyl alcs. The immobilization procedure comprised in situ reaction of [Cp^*RhCl₂]₂ with (S,S)-(MeO)₃SiCH₂CH₂C₆H₄SO₂NHCHPhCHPhNH₂ (1) followed by hydrolytic chemisorption on mesoporous silica, or cocondensation of (EtO)₄Si with 1 followed by reaction of functionalized silica with [Cp^*RhCl₂]₂. A series of chiral heterogeneous rhodium catalysts obtained via immobilization of chiral N-sulfonylated diamine-based organorhodium complexes within mesoporous silicate networks have been obtained through the postgrafting, postmodification, and co-condensation strategies. Structural analyses and characterizations disclose their well-defined single-site rhodium species within materials, while electron microscopy images reveal their highly ordered dimensional-hexagonal mesostructures. By systemically comparing these prepared strategies, it is found that they exhibit obviously different catalytic activities and enantioselectivities in aqueous asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. The direct anchoring of chiral organorhodium complexes onto the outside surface of mesoporous silica can maintain high enantioselectivity, while the co-condensation of chiral organorhodium complexes into the inside surface of mesoporous silica can form a uniform distribution of active rhodium centers. Both strategies show higher catalytic efficiency than the postmodification strategy in enantioselective performance. This outcome from the study clearly demonstrates the nature of these heterogeneous catalysts based on different immobilization strategies and offers a general way to optimize the prepared strategy to adjust the catalytic efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6Synthetic Route of C9H9NO).

(R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Synthetic Route of C9H9NO

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rh^III– and Ir^III-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones in water was written by Wu, Xiaofeng;Li, Xiaohong;Zanotti-Gerosa, Antonio;Pettman, Allan;Liu, Jianke;Mills, Allan James;Xiao, Jianliang. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2008.Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile This article mentions the following:

Asym. transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones by formate in neat water is shown to be viable with Rh-TsDPEN and Ir-TsDPEN catalysts, derived in situ from [Cp^*MCl₂]₂ (M = Rh, Ir) and TsDPEN. A variety of ketones were reduced, including non-functionalized aryl ketones, heteroaryl ketones, keto esters, and unsaturated ketones. In comparison with Ir-TsDPEN and the related Ru^II catalyst, the Rh^III catalyst is most efficient in water, affording enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee at substrate/catalyst (S/C) ratios of 100-1000 even without working under an inert atm. The aqueous phase reduction is shown to be highly pH-dependent; the optimum pH windows for TOF greater than 50 molmol^-1h^-1 for Rh- and Ir-TsDPEN are 5.5-10.0 and 6.5-8.5, resp. Outside the pH window, the reduction becomes slow or stagnant depending on the pH. However, the enantioselectivities erode only under acidic conditions. At a higher S/C ratio, the aqueous ATH by Rh-TsDPEN is shown to be product – as well as byproduct – inhibited; the product inhibition appears to stem at least partly from the reaction being reversible. The aqueous phase reduction is simple, efficient and environmentally benign, thus presenting a viable alternative for asym. reduction In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile).

(R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nitriles in heterocyclic synthesis: novel routes to cyclopentenothienopyridines, cyclopentenothienopyrimidenes and cyclopentenopyrrolopyrazoles was written by Harb, Abdel Fattah Ali. And the article was included in Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1992.Safety of 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

Aminocyclopentenothiophenecarbonitrile I prepared via an extension to the Gewald reaction, was converted into the cyclopentenothienopyridines II (R = H, NH₂) and III by treatment with acrylonitrile, malononitrile and Et cyanoacetate. I was converted into the corresponding cyclopentenothienopyrimidines IV (X = S, R¹ = NHPh; X = O, R¹ = Me, H) on treatment with Ph isothiocyanate, acetic anhydride and triethylorthoformate resp. Also the corresponding cyclopentenopyrrolopyrazole V was obtained by treating I with hydrazine hydrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Safety of 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. Trimerization of aromatic nitriles requires harsh reaction conditions, high temperatures, long reaction times, and pressure. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Safety of 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

SAR study of 5-alkynyl substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitors was written by Wei, Manman;Zhang, Xi;Wang, Xiang;Song, Zilan;Ding, Jian;Meng, Ling-Hua;Zhang, Ao. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Electric Literature of C5H3ClN4 This article mentions the following:

PI3Kδ is a key component in the aberrant signaling transduction in B cell malignancy, therefore specific targeting PI3Kδ has become an attractive molecularly targeted therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of a series of 5-alkynyl substituted PI3Kδ inhibitors based on the first FDA-approved inhibitor idelalisib. Compound 8d bearing the 1-morpholinohex-5-yn-1-one moiety as the C5-substituent was identified to have high potency against PI3Kδ (3.82 nM) and SU-DHL-6 cells (7.60 nM), resp. It was 154-fold selective over PI3Kα, 133-fold selective against PI3Kβ, and 24-fold selective against PI3Kγ. Treatment of MOLT-4 and SU-DHL-6 cells with compound 8d for 1 h resulted in reduction of phosphorylation of both Akt (S473) and its downstream S6k1 (T389) in a concentration-dependent manner. Compound 8d showed potent anti-proliferative activity as well against T lymphoblast MOLT-4, suggesting its potential activity in T-cell leukemia. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4Electric Literature of C5H3ClN4).

4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4) belongs to nitriles. The R-C-N bond angle in and nitrile is 180° which give a nitrile functional group a linear shape. Both the carbon and the nitrogen are sp hydridized which leaves them both with two p orbitals which overlap to form the two π bond in the triple bond. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Electric Literature of C5H3ClN4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tris(2-cyanoethyl)amine was written by Xu, An-Wu;Cai, Yue-Peng;Su, Cheng-Yong;Liu, Hong-Ke. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Crystal Structure Communications in 2000.COA of Formula: C9H12N4 This article mentions the following:

In the title compound, N(CH₂CH₂CN)₃, (I), the three cyanoethyl groups adopt a conformation with the CN groups (I) oriented in the same direction, suggesting the compound may behave as a potential tripodal ligand. Crystallog. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12N4).

3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1) belongs to nitriles. Trimerization of aromatic nitriles requires harsh reaction conditions, high temperatures, long reaction times, and pressure. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.COA of Formula: C9H12N4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nickel Catalyzed Regiodivergent Cross-Coupling Alkylation of Aryl Halides with Redox-Active Imines was written by Huang, Long;Kancherla, Rajesh;Rueping, Magnus. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Formula: C11H13N This article mentions the following:

Herein, a visible light nickel-catalyzed protocol for the deaminative cross-coupling of redox-active imines with various electrophiles that allow for the rapid construction of C(sp³) enriched arene Ar(t-Bu)/Me₂CH₂Ar [Ar = 4-NCC₆H₄, 4-Ph(CO)C₆H₄, 3-NCC₆H4, etc.]/AcAr [Ar = 4-((Me)₂(Et))CC₆H₄, 4-(C(O)OEtCH₂(Me)₂)CC₆H₄, 4-((PhCH₂CH₂)(Me)₂)CC₆H₄, etc.] in a regiodivergent manner. Key to the success of this protocol was the combination of a readily available organic photocatalyst and a Lewis acid additive. As an addnl. approach to alkylarenes, also showcased that the nature of electrophiles dictates the regiochem. outcome. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(tert-Butyl)benzonitrile (cas: 154532-34-0Formula: C11H13N).

3-(tert-Butyl)benzonitrile (cas: 154532-34-0) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Formula: C11H13N

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Direct oxidative esterification of alcohols and hydration of nitriles catalyzed by a reusable silver nanoparticle grafted onto mesoporous polymelamine formaldehyde (AgNPs@mPMF) was written by Ghosh, Kajari;Iqubal, Asif Md.;Molla, Rostam Ali;Mishra, Ashutosh;Kamaluddin;Islam, Sk Manirul. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2015.Related Products of 55406-13-8 This article mentions the following:

A nitrogen-rich mesoporous organic polymer was synthesized as a novel support. A silver nanoparticle was synthesized and grafted onto it. The prepared catalyst (AgNPs@mPMF) was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), N₂ adsorption, Raman spectroscopy and EPR study. The catalytic activity was evaluated for the oxidative esterification reaction of alcs. and hydration of nitriles. The oxidative esterification reaction was carried out for various activated alcs. giving excellent yields of the corresponding ester products. The catalyst was also efficient in the hydration of nitriles. Both reactions were optimized by varying the bases, temperatures and solvents. The catalyst can be facilely recovered and reused six times without a significant decrease in its activity and selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methylthiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 55406-13-8Related Products of 55406-13-8).

3-Methylthiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 55406-13-8) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Related Products of 55406-13-8

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

3-Amino-2,1-benzisothiazole. Synthesis of some chloro and trifluoromethyl derivatives was written by Gray, J.;Waring, D. R.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1980.Product Details of 53312-77-9 This article mentions the following:

7-Chloro-, 4,7-dichloro-, 5- and 7-(trifluoromethyl), 5-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)- and 5-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3-amino-2,1-benzisothiazoles were prepared Preparative details are included for a number of precursors to the benzisothiazoles which have not previously been described. Visible spectra of some azo dyes prepared from the title compounds with a selected coupler are discussed with reference to substituent effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile (cas: 53312-77-9Product Details of 53312-77-9).

2-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile (cas: 53312-77-9) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Product Details of 53312-77-9

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Progress against Escherichia coli with the Oxazolidinone Class of Antibacterials: Test Case for a General Approach To Improving Whole-Cell Gram-Negative Activity was written by Takrouri, Khuloud;Cooper, Harold D.;Spaulding, Adnrew;Zucchi, Paula;Koleva, Bilyana;Cleary, Dillon C.;Tear, Westley;Beuning, Penny J.;Hirsch, Elizabeth B.;Aggen, James B.. And the article was included in ACS Infectious Diseases in 2016.Name: 2-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile This article mentions the following:

Novel antibacterials with activity against the Gram-neg. bacteria associated with nosocomial infections, including Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae, are urgently needed due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains. A major obstacle that has stalled progress on nearly all small-mol. classes with potential for activity against these species has been achieving sufficient whole-cell activity, a difficult challenge due to the formidable outer membrane and efflux barriers intrinsic to these species. Using a set of compound design principles derived from available information relating physicochem. properties to Gram-neg. entry or activity, we synthesized and evaluated a focused library of oxazolidinone analogs, a currently narrow spectrum class of antibacterials active only against Gram-pos. bacteria. In this series, we have explored the effectiveness for improving Gram-neg. activity by identifying and combining beneficial structural modifications in the C-ring region. We have found polar and/or charge-carrying modifications that, when combined in hybrid C-ring analogs, appear to largely overcome the efflux and/or permeability barriers, resulting in improved Gram-neg. activity. In particular, those analogs least effected by efflux and the permeation barrier had significant zwitterionic character. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (cas: 82380-17-4Name: 2-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile).

2-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (cas: 82380-17-4) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Name: 2-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts