Tag: 100-200

Discovery of a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) β/δ Inhibitor for the Treatment of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) Deficient Tumors: Building PI3Kβ Potency in a PI3Kδ-Selective Template by Targeting Nonconserved Asp856 was written by Perreault, Stephane;Chandrasekhar, Jayaraman;Cui, Zhi-Hua;Evarts, Jerry;Hao, Jia;Kaplan, Joshua A.;Kashishian, Adam;Keegan, Kathleen S.;Kenney, Thomas;Koditek, David;Lad, Latesh;Lepist, Eve-Irene;McGrath, Mary E.;Patel, Leena;Phillips, Bart;Therrien, Joseph;Treiberg, Jennifer;Yahiaoui, Anella;Phillips, Gary. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2N4 This article mentions the following:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta signaling is required to sustain cancer cell growth in which the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been deactivated. This manuscript describes the discovery, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of a novel series of PI3Kbeta/delta inhibitors in which PI3Kbeta potency was built in a PI3Kdelta-selective template. This work led to the discovery of a highly selective PI3Kbeta/delta inhibitor displaying excellent pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy in a human PTEN-deficient LNCaP prostate carcinoma xenograft tumor model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1277179-33-5Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2N4).

2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1277179-33-5) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2N4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heterocyclic studies. Part XXXIX. Ring cleavage of some pyrimidine derivatives in alkali was written by Clark, Jim;Parvizi, Bahman;Colman, Robert. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1976.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

4-(Substituted amino)-6-chloropyrimidines bearing a mesomeric electron-withdrawing substituent such as NO2, CN, CHO, or Ac at position 5 were cleaved by dilute NaOH at room temperature to give tetra-substituted alkenes. Thus I (0.01 mol. equivalent), H2O (20-30ml), and 2N NaOH (10ml), together with EtOH to aid partial dissolution, were stirred at ∼25° for 18-72 hr to give 98% H2NC(NHCH2Ph):C(CHO)CN. Unlike acid-catalyzed attacks on similar pyrimidines, the course of these basic reactions was not strongly influenced by steric interference between 4(6)- and 5-substituents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile).

4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4) belongs to nitriles. The R-C-N bond angle in and nitrile is 180° which give a nitrile functional group a linear shape. Both the carbon and the nitrogen are sp hydridized which leaves them both with two p orbitals which overlap to form the two π bond in the triple bond. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Conformationally restricted quinazolone derivatives as PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors: the design, synthesis and biological evaluation was written by Ma, Xiaodong;Fang, Fang;Tao, Qiangqiang;Shen, Li;Zhong, Guochen;Qiao, Tao;Lv, Xiaoqing;Li, Jiaming. And the article was included in MedChemComm in 2019.Reference of 60025-09-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of structurally novel quinazolone-based PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors were designed and synthesized via the approach of conformational restriction. The majority of them exhibited two-digit to single-digit nanomolar IC₅₀ values against PI3Kδ, along with low micromolar to submicromolar GI₅₀ values against human malignant B-cell line SU-DHL-6. The representative compound, with the most potent PI3Kd inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 6.3 nM) and anti-proliferative activity (GI₅₀ = 0.21 μM) in this series, was further evaluated for its PI3Kδ selectivity, capability to down-regulate PI3K signaling in SU-DHL-6 cells, in vitro metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. The exptl. results illustrated that this compound, as a promising lead, merits extensive structural optimization for exploring novel PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors as clin. candidates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4Reference of 60025-09-4).

4-Amino-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 60025-09-4) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Reference of 60025-09-4

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of some (nitropyridyl)acetonitriles was written by Katz, R. B.;Voyle, M.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1989.HPLC of Formula: 123846-66-2 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of chloronitropyridines, e.g., I (R = Cl, R¹ = H; R = H, R¹ = Cl), with NCCH₂CO₂CMe₃ in THF containing K₂CO₃ gave cyano(nitropyridyl)acetates, e.g., I [R = CH(CN)CO₂CMe₃, R¹ = H; R = H, R¹ = CH(CN)CO₂CMe₃]. Isolation and decarboxylation or in situ decarboxylation by treatment with p-MeC₆H₄SO₃H in PhMe gave the title compounds in some cases, e.g., I (R = CH₂CN, R¹ = H). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(5-Nitro-2-pyridinyl)acetonitrile (cas: 123846-66-2HPLC of Formula: 123846-66-2).

2-(5-Nitro-2-pyridinyl)acetonitrile (cas: 123846-66-2) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.HPLC of Formula: 123846-66-2

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Microwave-assisted novel synthesis of amino-thieno[3,2-b]pyridines under solvent-free conditions was written by Su, Weike;Guo, Shaozheng;Hong, Zhi;Chen, Ren’er. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2010.Application of 70291-62-2 This article mentions the following:

In the presence of a catalytic amount of ytterbium(III) triflate and under microwave irradiation, mixtures of 2-amino-3-thiophenecarbonitriles, ketones, and silica gel afforded smoothly the corresponding amino-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives, e.g. I, in one step. A wide variety of ketones were tested under these conditions. The reactions proceeded rapidly and afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Application of 70291-62-2).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.Application of 70291-62-2

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Quantitative structure-anticonvulsant activity relationships of valproic acid, related carboxylic acids, and tetrazoles was written by Abbott, F. S.;Acheampong, A. A.. And the article was included in Neuropharmacology in 1988.Recommanded Product: 4435-14-7 This article mentions the following:

Valproic acid and several structurally related carboxylic acids and tetrazole analogs antagonized seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in mice. To investigate the influence of the alkyl substituents on the anticonvulsant activity, the octanol-water partition coefficients and relative pK_a values were determined Within the series of active carboxylic acids, there was a good correlation between the anticonvulsant activity and the partition coefficient The influence of pK_a on the anticonvulsant activity was small but of statistical significance. When the most active compound, 5-heptyltetrazole, was added to the carboxylic acid series, a low correlation between the anticonvulsant activity and a linear combination of lipophilicity and pK_a resulted. The effect of the polar moieties in alkyl-substituted anticonvulsant compounds was assessed by comparison of the regression equations with either an added pK_a or dipole moment term to the term of lipophilicity. It appears that other factors, such as the nature of the alkyl substituent, influence the anticonvulsant activity. The inactivity of the cyclohexylmethyl-substituted compounds, cyclohexylacetic acid, and 5-cyclohexylmethyltetrazole may be due to subtle steric effects at a critical step, either involving oxidative metabolism or an interaction at an active site. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile (cas: 4435-14-7Recommanded Product: 4435-14-7).

2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile (cas: 4435-14-7) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Recommanded Product: 4435-14-7

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Direct N-Alkylation/Fluoroalkylation of Amines Using Carboxylic Acids via Transition-Metal-Free Catalysis was written by Lu, Chunlei;Qiu, Zetian;Xuan, Maojie;Huang, Yan;Lou, Yongjia;Zhu, Yiling;Shen, Hao;Lin, Bo-Lin. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2020.Reference of 4714-63-0 This article mentions the following:

A scalable protocol of direct N-mono/di-alkyl/fluoroalkylation of primary/secondary amines was constructed with various carboxylic acids as coupling agents under the catalysis of a simple air-tolerant inorganic salt, K₃PO₄. Advantageous features include 100 examples, 10 drugs and drug-like amines, fluorinated complex tertiary amines, gram-scale synthesis and isotope-labeling amine, thus demonstrating the potential applicability in industry of this methodol. The involvement of relatively less reactive silicon-hydride compared with the traditional reactive metal-hydride or boron-hydride species required to reduce the amide intermediates presumably contributes to the remarkable functional group compatibility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(Ethylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 4714-63-0Reference of 4714-63-0).

4-(Ethylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 4714-63-0) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Reference of 4714-63-0

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis with nitriles. 92. Synthesis of 5-formylcytosine derivatives was written by Jachak, Madhukar;Mittelbach, Martin;Junek, Hans. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 1993.Recommanded Product: 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

The reactivity of 3-dimethylamino-2-formylpropenenitrile (I) with various amino compounds is studied. Thus, condensation of I with anilines gives the corresponding azomethines. Reaction of I with thiourea and guanidine, resp., leads to 5-formylthiocytosine (II) and 2-amino-5-cyanopyrimidine. Also, 2-formyl-3-ureidopropenenitriles can be obtained by reaction of I with urea and substituted ureas. The 2-formyl-3-ureidopropenenitriles can easily be cyclized to 3-substituted 5-formylcytosines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1753-48-6Recommanded Product: 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile).

2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (cas: 1753-48-6) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Recommanded Product: 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

1,3-Diaryltriazenes: a new class of anorectic agents was written by Hill, David T.;Stanley, Kerry G.;Williams, Janice E. Karoglan;Loev, Bernard;Fowler, Phillip J.;McCafferty, James P.;Macko, Edward;Berkoff, Charles E.;Ladd, Christine B.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1983.Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile This article mentions the following:

The title compounds I (R = H, Ac, ClCH₂CO, EtCO, etc.; R¹ = H, Br, Cl, CN, CF₃, MeO, CO₂Me; R² = H, Cl, CF₃; R³ = H, Br, Cl, CN, CF₃, MeO, CO₂H, CO₂Me; R⁴ = H, Cl, CF₃, CO₂H) prepared in part from the aniline precursors II (R = Br, Cl, CN, MeO, CF₃, CO₂H, CO₂Me; R¹ = Cl or CF₃) were evaluated as anorectic and antiobesity agents in dog, rat, and squirrel monkey. 1,3-bis[2-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]triazene  [58458-08-5] Was the most effective compound Structure activity relations are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 1483-54-1Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile).

2-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 1483-54-1) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

One pot synthesis of fused pyrimidines from 2-[N-(methylthiothiocarbonyl)amino]acetate was written by Chowdhury, A. Z. M. Shaifullah;Shibata, Yasuyuki;Morita, Masatoshi;Kaya, Kunimitsu;Sano, Tomoharu. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 2001.Recommanded Product: 70291-62-2 This article mentions the following:

A variety of 3-substituted fused pyrimidines are readily obtained from the 2-amino esters with 2-[N-(methylthiothiocarbonyl)amino]acetate (I). Condensed imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine ring system was also constructed in a one-pot process by reacting heteroaromatic 2-amino nitriles with I, obtaining a number of novel tri- and tetracyclic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Recommanded Product: 70291-62-2).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Recommanded Product: 70291-62-2

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts