Tag: 100-200

Direct Formation of Tethered Ru(II) Catalysts Using Arene Exchange was written by Soni, Rina;Jolley, Katherine E.;Clarkson, Guy J.;Wills, Martin. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2013.Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile This article mentions the following:

An ‘arene exchange’ approach was successfully applied for the 1st time to the synthesis of Ru(II)-based ‘arene-tethered diamine’ reduction catalysts, e.g., I, directly from their ligands in one step. This provides an alternative method for the formation of known complexes, and a route to novel complexes. The novel complexes are highly active in both asym. transfer and pressure hydrogenation of ketones. E.g., reaction of acetophenone with catalyst I in HCO₂H/Et₃N solution at 60° to give quant. yield of (R)-1-phenylethanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile).

(R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Substituent effect on the acetolysis of neophyl p-bromobenzenesulfonates was written by Fujio, Mizue;Funatsu, Kimito;Shibata, Koji;Yoshinaga, Hironori;Maeda, Yasuyuki;Goto, Mutsuo;Mishima, Masaaki;Tsuno, Yuho. And the article was included in Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series C: Chemistry in 1984.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile This article mentions the following:

Substituent effects on acetolysis kinetics of several RC₆H₄CMe₂CH₂OBs (Bs = brosylate; R = p-MeO, p-MeS, m-Me, etc.), as well as of some analogous disubstituted derivatives, were determined An r value (a measure of resonance demand) of 0.56 in the LArSR equation indicated that the mechanism involves a rate-determining aryl-assisted transition state, which cascades down to the tertiary carbonium ion without staying as a bridged intermediate. Thus, the substituent effect maybe viewed as the effect on the aryl-assisted ionization step. The application of the Brown ρσ⁺ equation is criticized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile (cas: 5351-07-5Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile).

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile (cas: 5351-07-5) belongs to nitriles. The R-C-N bond angle in and nitrile is 180° which give a nitrile functional group a linear shape. Both the carbon and the nitrogen are sp hydridized which leaves them both with two p orbitals which overlap to form the two π bond in the triple bond. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Microwave accelerated synthesis of 2-aminothiophenes in ionic liquid via three component Gewald reaction was written by Chavan, Sunil S.;Pedgaonkar, Yogesh Y.;Jadhav, Ananda J.;Degani, Mariam S.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 2012.Electric Literature of C8H8N2S This article mentions the following:

Microwave-accelerated synthesis of substituted 2-aminothiophenes by a 3-component Gewald reaction using a basic ionic liquid, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine lactate [TMG][Lac], as solvent as well as catalyst was developed. The products are obtained in good to high yields and the ionic liquid is reusable over several cycles without significant loss in catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Electric Literature of C8H8N2S).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Electric Literature of C8H8N2S

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

3D-Quantitative structure-activity relationships: investigation of steric effects with descriptors directly from 3D structures using a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) approach was written by Kim, Ki Hwan. And the article was included in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in 1992.Product Details of 60979-25-1 This article mentions the following:

The applicability of the comparative mol. field anal. (CoMFA) method to describe the steric effects in 3D quant. structure-activity relationships (QSAR) has been investigated. Mol. fields calculated with a Me probe produced significant correlations with excellent cross-validation. These correlations are compared with the correlations of E_s, STERIMOL parameter, and mol. volume (MV) in transitional QSAR. The results indicate that the CoMFA treatment of steric effects using a Me probe is adequate for describing both the bulk and “steric” effects in 3D-QSAR studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1Product Details of 60979-25-1).

3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. Nitriles are susceptible to hydrogenation over diverse metal catalysts. The reaction can afford either the primary amine (RCH2NH2) or the tertiary amine ((RCH2)3N), depending on conditions.Product Details of 60979-25-1

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polarography of substituted nitrothiophenes was written by Tirouflet, Jean;Chane, Jean Paul. And the article was included in Compt. rend. in 1956.HPLC of Formula: 42137-24-6 This article mentions the following:

A direct correlation between the half-wave potentials of corresponding benzene and thiophene derivatives has been reported previously (C.A. 50, 10562e). The half-wave-potential increments due to substituent X in the 5-position in 2- and 3-nitrothiophene are determined and found to be equal within exptl. error with the corresponding increments in nitrobenzene, X-substituted in the para- and meta-position, resp. (X is: CH₃, I, CH(OCOCH₃)₂, CH:NOH, C(CH₃):NOH, CO₂H, COCH₃, CN, CHO, CO₂C₂H₅). The increments are pH independent between 2 and 12. The half-wave increments in the benzene series had been shown (Tirouflet, C.A. 50, 8343g) to be connected by the Hammett equation; hence the equation also holds for the thiophene series and the σ values are of the same order of magnitude. Some anal. applications of the increments are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Nitrothiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 42137-24-6HPLC of Formula: 42137-24-6).

4-Nitrothiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 42137-24-6) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.HPLC of Formula: 42137-24-6

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Thio amides. V. Preparation of some N-substituted p-alkoxythiobenzamides was written by Reynaud, Pierre;Moreau, Robert C.;Samama, Jean Paul. And the article was included in Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France in 1965.HPLC of Formula: 5203-15-6 This article mentions the following:

A series of p-RC₆H₄NHC(S)C₆H₄OR¹-p (I) was prepared as analogs of the antitubercular thioureas; in formula I, R is an alkoxy group, Me₂N, or Cl, and R¹ is Bu, iso-Bu, or iso-Am. p-NCC₆H₄OH (1 mole), 1 mole NaOEt, and 1.10 mole appropriate alkyl bromide refluxed 24 hrs. with stirring gave the corresponding p-ROC₆H₄CN (R, b.p./mm., n²⁵_D, and % yield given): Bu (II), 133°/0.3, 1.5351, 82; iso-Bu, 122°/0.3, 1.5350, 51; iso-Am, 155.5°/0.3, 1.5260, 80. II (27.5 g.) in 30 cc. CHCl₃ and 15 g. absolute EtOH treated at about -5° with dry HCl to a weight increase of 7 g., kept 4 hrs. at -5°, and refrigerated 10 days, and the crystalline product treated at -20° in 200 cc. dry Et₂O with stirring with dry NH₃ yielded 80% p-BuOC₆H₄C(:NH)OEt (III), b_0.05 118-19°, n²⁵_D 1.5315. Similarly were prepared p-iso-BuOC₆H₄C(:NH)OEt (IV), 88%, b_0.05 122-5°, n²⁵_D 1.5282, and p-iso-AmOC₆H₄C(:NH)OEt (V), 89%, b_0.05 123°, m, 25°, n²⁵_D 1.515. III (22.10 g.) and 35 g. dry C₅H₅N treated at about 0° with dry H₂S to a weight increase of 7 g. and kept overnight yielded 23.2 g. yellow p-BuOC₆H₄C(S)OEt (VI), m. 71° (absolute EtOH). Similarly were prepared p-isoBuOC₆H₄C(S)OEt, 97%, b_0.1 134-5°, m. 25°, and p-iso-AmOC₆H₄C(S)OEt, 100%, m. 53° (EtOH), from IV and V, resp. p-AcNHC₆H₄OH was converted by the method of Gutekunst and Gray (CA 16, 3089) to p-BuOC₆H₄NH₂ (VII), b₁₂ 143-4° p-iso-BuOC₆H₄NH₂, b₁₀ 145-6°, and p-iso-AmOC₆H₄NH₂, b₁₅ 149-50°. VII (4.95 g.) in 15 cc. Et₂O added dropwise with stirring to EtMgBr from 0.03 mole EtBr in 30 cc. dry Et₂O, refluxed 15 min., treated with 3.57 g. VI in the min. amount Et₂O, refluxed 1 hr., and evaporated, and the residue treated with 100 cc. HCl and ice gave 92% I (R = BuO, R¹ = Bu), m. 152° (MeOH-C₆H₆); method A. VI (0.015 mole) treated similarly with the reaction mixture from p-Me₂NC₆H₄NH₂ and EtMgBr, and the residue decomposed with dilute iced HCl and extracted with Et₂O yielded 94% I (R = Me₂N, R¹ = Bu), m. 154.5° (EtOH); method B. Similarly were prepared the following I (R¹= Bu) (R, m.p., method and % yield, given): EtO, 155° (MePh), A, 90; iso-BuO, 164° (AcOEt), A, 95.2; AmO, 151° (MeOH-C₆H₆), A, 64; Cl, 185° (AcOEt), A, 89. Similarly were prepared the following I (R¹ = iso-Bu) (same data given): EtO, 178° (MePh), A, 99; BuO, 164° (EtOH), A, 97; iso-BuO, 159° (AcOEt), A, 97; AmO, 149° (EtOH), A, 99; Cl, 210° (Me₂CO), A, 87; Me₂N, 173° (EtOH), B, 92. Similarly were prepared the following I (R¹ = isoAm) (same data given): EtO, 162-3° (MePh), A, 99; BuO, 159° (EtOH), A, 87; iso-BuO, 164° (AcOEt), A, 95; AmO, 95° (AcOEt), A, 95; Cl, 194° (AcOEt), A, 90; Me₂N, 159° (EtOH), B, 91. The ir spectra of III, V, AmC(:NH)OEt, and EtC(:NH)OEt are recorded and the ir maximum of III, IV, V, and PhC(:NH)OEt are tabulated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-iso-Butoxybenzonitrile (cas: 5203-15-6HPLC of Formula: 5203-15-6).

4-iso-Butoxybenzonitrile (cas: 5203-15-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.HPLC of Formula: 5203-15-6

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ozonation treatment increases chlorophenylacetonitrile formation in downstream chlorination or chloramination was written by Zhang, Di;Bond, Tom;Li, Mingli;Dong, Shengkun;Pan, Yang;Du, Erdeng;Xiao, Rong;Chu, Wenhai. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 3218-45-9 This article mentions the following:

Chlorophenylacetonitriles (CPANs) are an emerging group of aromatic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, their dominant precursors and formation pathways remain unclear, which hinders the further development of effective control strategies. For the first time, CPAN precursors were screened by conducting formation potential (FP) tests on real water samples from six drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The average overall removal of CPAN precursors across all six DWTPs was only 10%. Moreover, ozonation increased CPAN precursors by 140% on average Fluorescence spectroscopy showed a dramatic reduction in aromatic proteins, tyrosine-like proteins, and tryptophan-like proteins following ozonation. Low-apparent-mol.-weight (AMW) (<1 kDa) substances were correlated with the CPAN FP in these samples. We therefore hypothesized that protein fragments with low AMW, such as amino acids, are important CPAN precursors during downstream chlor(am)ination. Two aromatic free amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan, were selected to investigate the formation of CPANs during chlor(am)ination. Both amino acids were found to act as CPAN precursors for the first time. CPAN formation pathways from these model precursors were proposed based on the frontier MO theory and intermediate products identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study provides a powerful theor. foundation for controlling CPAN formation in drinking water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)acetonitrile (cas: 3218-45-9HPLC of Formula: 3218-45-9).

2-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)acetonitrile (cas: 3218-45-9) belongs to nitriles. The electronic structure of nitriles is very similar to that of an alkyne with the main difference being the presence of a set of lone pair electrons on the nitrogen. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.HPLC of Formula: 3218-45-9

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

New Genetic Bomb Trigger: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Biological Evaluation of Novel BIBR1532-Related Analogs Targeting Telomerase against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer was written by Tawfik, Haytham O.;El-Hamaky, Anwar A.;El-Bastawissy, Eman A.;Shcherbakov, Kirill A.;Veselovsky, Alexander V.;Gladilina, Yulia A.;Zhdanov, Dmitry D.;El-Hamamsy, Mervat H.. And the article was included in Pharmaceuticals in 2022.Safety of 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

Telomeres serve a critical function in cell replication and proliferation at every stage of the cell cycle. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein, responsible for maintaining the telomere length and chromosomal integrity of frequently dividing cells. Although it is silenced in most human somatic cells, telomere restoration occurs in cancer cells because of telomerase activation or alternative telomere lengthening. The telomerase enzyme is a universal anticancer target that is expressed in 85-95% of cancers. BIBR1532 is a selective non-nucleoside potent telomerase inhibitor that acts by direct noncompetitive inhibition. Relying on its structural features, three different series were designed, and 30 novel compounds were synthesized and biol. evaluated as telomerase inhibitors using a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Target compounds 29a, 36b, and 39b reported the greatest inhibitory effect on telomerase enzyme with IC50 values of 1.7, 0.3, and 2.0 μM, resp., while BIBR1532 displayed IC50 = 0.2 μM. Compounds 29a, 36b, and 39b were subsequently tested using a living-cell TRAP assay and were able to penetrate the cell membrane and inhibit telomerase inside living cancer cells. Compound 36b was tested for cytotoxicity against 60 cancer cell lines using the NCI (USA) procedure, and the % growth was minimally impacted, indicating telomerase enzyme selectivity. To investigate the interaction of compound 36b with the telomerase allosteric binding site, mol. docking and mol. dynamics simulations were used. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Safety of 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile carbon shifts are in the range of 115�25 ppm whereas in isonitriles the shifts are around 155�65 ppm. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Safety of 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Ketones by Using Monodentate Binaphthophosphepine Ligands was written by Junge, Kathrin;Wendt, Bianca;Addis, Daniele;Zhou, Shaolin;Das, Shoubhik;Beller, Matthias. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2010.Formula: C9H9NO This article mentions the following:

The first copper-catalyzed asym. hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds by using chiral monodentate ligands is presented. Under comparably mild conditions, high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee) are achieved for a broad range of carbonyl compounds such as aryl alkyl, cyclic, heterocyclic and aliphatic ketones. Compared to other known asym. hydrosilylation catalysts, advantageously no base or fluoride activation is necessary. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6Formula: C9H9NO).

(R)-4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)benzonitrile (cas: 101219-69-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo a variety of reactions depending on the reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.Formula: C9H9NO

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nitration of moderately deactivated arenes with nitrogen dioxide and molecular oxygen under neutral conditions. Zeolite-induced enhancement of regioselectivity and reversal of isomer ratios was written by Peng, Xinhua;Fukui, Naoyuki;Mizuta, Masayuki;Suzuki, Hitomi. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2003.SDS of cas: 64113-86-6 This article mentions the following:

In the presence of zeolites, moderately deactivated arenes such as 1-nitronaphthalene, naphthonitriles, and methylated benzonitriles can be smoothly nitrated at room temperature by the combined action of nitrogen dioxide and mol. oxygen. The regioselectivity is considerably improved as compared with the conventional nitration methodol. based on nitric and sulfuric acids. In some cases, the minor isomer became favored to a significant extent, resulting in the reversal of ordinary isomer ratios of nitration products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6SDS of cas: 64113-86-6).

5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.SDS of cas: 64113-86-6

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts