Tag: 100-200

Spontaneous Charge Separation and Sublimation Processes are Ubiquitous in Nature and in Ionization Processes in Mass Spectrometry was written by Trimpin, Sarah;Lu, I-Chung;Rauschenbach, Stephan;Hoang, Khoa;Wang, Beixi;Chubatyi, Nicholas D.;Zhang, Wen-Jing;Inutan, Ellen D.;Pophristic, Milan;Sidorenko, Alexander;McEwen, Charles N.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry in 2018.Recommanded Product: 5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile This article mentions the following:

Ionization processes have been discovered by which small and large as well as volatile and nonvolatile compounds are converted to gas-phase ions when associated with a matrix and exposed to sub-atm. pressure. Here, we discuss experiments further defining these simple and unexpected processes. Charge separation is found to be a common process for small mol. chems., solids and liquids, passed through an inlet tube from a higher to a lower pressure region, with and without heat applied. This charge separation process produces pos.- and neg.-charged particles with widely different efficiencies depending on the compound and its phys. state. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that in the new ionization process, charged particles carry analyte into the gas phase, and desolvation of these particles produce the bare ions similar to electrospray ionization, except that solid particles appear likely to be involved. This mechanistic proposition is in agreement with previous theor. work related to ion emission from ice. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6Recommanded Product: 5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile).

5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Recommanded Product: 5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Radical C-H Trifluoromethoxylation of (Hetero)arenes with Bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide was written by Dix, Stefan;Golz, Paul;Schmid, Jonas R.;Riedel, Sebastian;Hopkinson, Matthew N.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2021.Computed Properties of C8H4F3NO This article mentions the following:

Herein, bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide (BTMP, CF₃OOCF₃) as a practical and efficient trifluoromethoxylating reagent, which easily accessible from inexpensive bulk chems. was introduced. Using either visible light photoredox or TEMPO catalysis, trifluoromethoxylated arenes could be prepared in good yields under mild conditions directly from unactivated aromatics Moreover, TEMPO catalysis allowed for the one-step synthesis of valuable pyridine derivatives, which was previously prepared via multi-step approaches. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzonitrile (cas: 63968-85-4Computed Properties of C8H4F3NO).

2-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzonitrile (cas: 63968-85-4) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile carbon shifts are in the range of 115–125 ppm whereas in isonitriles the shifts are around 155–165 ppm. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Computed Properties of C8H4F3NO

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Some amine derivatives of acrylonitrile was written by Wiedeman, O. F.;Montgomery, W. H.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1945.Recommanded Product: 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile This article mentions the following:

CH₂:CHCN (I) (12, 000 cc.), added dropwise to 6500 cc. 28% NH₄OH at 30°, gives 1.7% (of the I used) of NCCH₂CH₂NH₂ (II), 88.5% of NH(CH₂CH₂CN)₂ (III), and 6% of N(CH₂CH₂CN)₃ (IV), m. 99°; 880 cc. of I, and 500 cc. NH₄OH give 5.8% of II, 83.5% of III, and 1% of IV; 6000 cc. of I and 36, 000 cc. NH₄OH give 23.9% of II, 58.9% of III, and 3.3% of IV. Many samples of IV, which remained unchanged at room temperature for several months, decomposed within 24 h. for no apparent reason; no effective stabilizer was found and CO₂ apparently accelerated decomposition III is quite stable but some decomposition occurs on distillation at 140-60°/2-5 mm. IV is recovered from the residue of the vacuum distillation of II and III by extraction with hot H₂O. Catalytic reduction of II in lots of 5-10 mol in the presence of 1.1 mol of anhydrous NH₃ and 2-3 g. Raney Ni (per mole of amine) at pressures of 50-250 atm. for 5-10 h. at 90-125° gives 54% of NH₂(CH₂)₃NH₂ (V), 12% of (H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂)₂NH (VI), b_2-3 100°, d²⁰ 0.9307, d²⁵ 0.9268, n_D²⁵ 1.4910, and 3% of (H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂)₃N (VII), b_2-3 140-50°, d²⁰ 0.9591, d²⁵ 0.9552, n_D²⁵ 1.4910. III gives 14% of V, 58% of VI, and 13% of VII. A mixture of 30% II, 65% III, and 4% IV gives 28% of V, 42% of VI, and 13% of VII. I and (CH₂)₂O give (NCCH₂CH₂)₂O, b_2-3 140°, d²⁰ 1.0497, d²⁵ 1.0457, n_D²⁵ 1.4404; reduction in the presence of NH₃ at 110-15° and 100 atm. for 2 h. yielded 25-30% of low-boiling impurities (some PrNH₂), 35-40% of H₂N(CH₂)₃OH, b_2-3 60°, d²⁰ 0.9832, d²⁵ 0.9794, n_D²⁵ 1.4597, and 20% of (H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂)₂O, b₃ 130-40°, d²⁰ 0.9723, d²⁵ 0.9685, n_D²⁵ 1.4780; the residue was 15%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1Recommanded Product: 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile).

3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Recommanded Product: 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Trigonal-Bipyramidal Copper(II) Complexes with Symmetric and Unsymmetric Tripodal Tetramine Ligands was written by Dittler-Klingemann, Andreas M.;Hahn, F. Ekkehardt. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 1996.Quality Control of 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile This article mentions the following:

The syntheses of the aliphatic tripodal tetramine ligands N(CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)₃ (1), N[(CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂(CH₂CH₂NH₂)] (2), and N[(CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)(CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂] (3) are reported. The tripodal N₄– ligands 1–3 react with Cu(OH)₂ in H₂O to give blue Cu(II) complexes. Addition of NH₄PF₆ to such solutions yields [Cu(N₄)(NH₃)](PF₆)₂ [4; N₄ = 1, 4a; N₄ = 2, 4b; N₄ = 3, 4c]. The mol. structures of complexes 4a–c were determined by x-ray diffraction. All three complexes can be crystallized from H₂O. Selected crystallog. details are as follows 4a [4b] {4c}: formula C₉H₂₇CuF₁₂N₅P₂ [C₈H₂₅CuF₁₂N₅P₂] {C₇H₂₃CuF₁₂N₅P₂}, M = 558.82 [544.79] MLL {530.76} amu, monoclinic [monoclinic] {orthorhombic}, space group P2₁/c [C2/c] {P2₁2₁2}, a = 8.9519(14) [30.181(6)] {15.075(5)} Å, b = 16.803(3) [8.914(3)] {12.2939(14)} Å, c 13.834(2) [14.253(4)] {10.064(2)} , β = 94.183(12) [93.76(2)] {90.0}°, V = 2075.3(10) [3826(3)] {1865.2(12)} ų, Z = 4 [8] {4}, R = 5.10 [3.42] {4.32}, R_w = 6.67 [5.12] {5.23} for 2480 [2137] {1533} absorption corrected structure factors F_o² ≥ 3σ(F_o²) and 262 [255] {245} refined parameters. The complex dications in 4a–c exhibit a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry with the tertiary N of the tripodal ligand and the NH₃ N in the axial positions. Complexes with the unsym. ligands 2 and 3 possess both five and six membered chelate rings. Depending on the ligand, the size of the cavity for the NH₃ ligand increases from 4a to 4c. This leads to a shortening of the Cu-NH₃ bond length with the shortest bond of this type observed for 4c. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1Quality Control of 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile).

3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. Asymmetric bioreduction of nitriles is an attractive route to produce optically active nitriles as current metal-catalyzed hydrogenations tend to have low reactivity.Quality Control of 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile

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Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

CNDO/2 calculations of molecules. 3. Ionization potential and charge distribution was written by Koppel, I.;Molder, U.. And the article was included in Organic Reactivity (Tartu) in 1981.Recommanded Product: 7528-78-1 This article mentions the following:

For several classes of aliphatic compounds, (e.g., ether, amines), a linear relation is established between ionization energy of the electron localized on a certain atom and semiempirical CNDO/2 charges on the latter. The charge distribution was calculated according to the Mulliken procedure. The correction for the intramol. Madelung potential was introduced into the valence shell ionization potentials. A method for the determination of the ionization potential of the lone pair from photoelectron spectra was suggested. The linearity between CNDO/2 and ab initio (STO-3G and 4-31G basis sets) charge densities was found. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1Recommanded Product: 7528-78-1).

3,3′,3”-Nitrilotripropanenitrile (cas: 7528-78-1) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Recommanded Product: 7528-78-1

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heterocyclic Meisenheimer complexes: kinetic and equilibrium data for methoxide ion attack on various disubstituted 2,4-Y,Z-thiophenes and -selenophenes in methanol was written by Terrier, Francois;Chatrousse, Alain-Pierre;Paulmier, Claude. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1979.Category: nitriles-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The stabilities of I (R, R¹ = NO₂, NO₂; CN, NO₂; NO₂, CN; X = Se, S) decreased in the stated order of R, R¹ and of X, but different trends were found in kinetic studies. II (R = CN; R¹ = NO₂; X = Se, S) reacted differently with MeO^– than the other II. An ortho-like NO₂ group may affect nucleophilic substitution more than a para-like NO₂ group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Nitrothiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 42137-24-6Category: nitriles-buliding-blocks).

4-Nitrothiophene-2-carbonitrile (cas: 42137-24-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile carbon shifts are in the range of 115–125 ppm whereas in isonitriles the shifts are around 155–165 ppm. Nitriles are susceptible to hydrogenation over diverse metal catalysts. The reaction can afford either the primary amine (RCH2NH2) or the tertiary amine ((RCH2)3N), depending on conditions.Category: nitriles-buliding-blocks

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Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design, synthesis, AChE/BChE inhibitory activity, and molecular docking of spiro[chromeno[4,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridine]-7-amine tacrine hybrids was written by Kappenberg, Yuri G.;Nogara, Pablo A.;Stefanello, Felipe S.;Moretto, Luis Henrique;Santos, Patricia M.;Rocha, Joao. B. T.;Zanatta, Nilo;Martins, Marcos. A. P.;Bonacorso, Helio G.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H8N2S This article mentions the following:

A new series of 12 examples of spiro[chromeno[4,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridine]-7-amines tacrine hybrids were designed and synthesized as cholinesterase inhibitors. These new compounds were synthesized at 20-33% yields by a one-pot two-step cyclocondensation reaction of 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitriles with spiro[chroman-2,10-cycloalkan]-4-ones using AlCl₃ as the catalyst without solvent and under conventional thermal heating. Subsequently, these new tacrine hybrids were subjected to AChE and BChE inhibitory activity evaluation and mol. docking studies. In vitro cholinesterase assays and in silico docking indicated that all new tacrine analgs were not AChE inhibitors. However, the mols. without a carbocyclic moiety geminated to the thiophene ring, i.e., spiro scaffolds that originated from cyclopentanone , cyclohexanone , and cycloheptanone showed the highest inhibitory potency against the BChE enzyme, thereby proving to be promising candidates for evaluation in Alzheimer’s disease synthetic models. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Synthetic Route of C8H8N2S).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts.Synthetic Route of C8H8N2S

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Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, photophysical characterization and DFT studies on fluorine-free deep-blue emitting Pt(II) complexes was written by Sanning, Jan;Stegemann, Linda;Nyenhuis, Marvin;Daniliuc, Constantin G.;Doltsinis, Nikos L.;Strassert, Cristian A.. And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: A Journal of Chemical Sciences in 2016.Synthetic Route of C7H6N2O This article mentions the following:

Herein authors show that cyclometalated, square planar Pt(II) complexes can be tuned to achieve deep-blue phosphorescent emitters. For this purpose, the introduction of an electron-donating moiety on two different bidentate NN and NO fluorine-free luminophores, namely 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine and picolinic acid, was carried out. The remaining two coordination sites of the Pt(II) metal center were filled by a sterically demanding cyclometallating unit, namely a tertiary phosphite CP ligand. This ancillary ligand avoids aggregation and provides high solubility in organic solvents. Based on this approach, we were able to blue-shift the emission of the complexes down to 411 nm, and to achieve a maximal photoluminescence quantum yield of 56% in the solid state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0Synthetic Route of C7H6N2O).

4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0) belongs to nitriles. The R-C-N bond angle in and nitrile is 180° which give a nitrile functional group a linear shape. Both the carbon and the nitrogen are sp hydridized which leaves them both with two p orbitals which overlap to form the two π bond in the triple bond. Some nitriles are manufactured by heating carboxylic acids with ammonia in the presence of catalysts. This process is used to make nitriles from natural fats and oils, the products being used as softening agents in synthetic rubbers, plastics, and textiles and for making amines.Synthetic Route of C7H6N2O

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Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Electrochemical oxidation of acylsilanes and their tosylhydrazones was written by Yoshida, Junichi;Itoh, Masanori;Matsunaga, Shinichiro;Isoe, Sachihiko. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1992.Recommanded Product: 2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile This article mentions the following:

Oxidation potentials of acylsilanes were much less pos. than those of ketones and aldehydes. The effect of silicon is attributed to the rise of the HOMO level by the interaction between the C-Si σ orbital and the nonbonding p orbital of the carbonyl oxygen which in turn favors the electron transfer. Preparative electrochem. oxidation of acylsilanes proceeded smoothly, giving rise to facile cleavage of the C-Si bond and the introduction of nucleophiles such as alcs., water, and carbamates onto the carbonyl carbon. Electrochem. properties of tosylhydrazones of acylsilanes were also investigated. A decrease in oxidation potential of tosylhydrazones caused by silyl substitution was smaller than that for carbonyl compounds Preparative electrochem. oxidation of tosylhydrazones of acylsilanes gave the corresponding nitriles with consumption of a catalytic amount of electricity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile (cas: 4435-14-7Recommanded Product: 2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile).

2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile (cas: 4435-14-7) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Recommanded Product: 2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cytochrome P450 Catalyzed Oxidative Hydroxylation of Achiral Organic Compounds with Simultaneous Creation of Two Chirality Centers in a Single C-H Activation Step was written by Roiban, Gheorghe-Doru;Agudo, Ruben;Reetz, Manfred T.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2014.Reference of 24056-34-6 This article mentions the following:

Regio- and stereoselective oxidative hydroxylation of achiral or chiral organic compounds mediated by synthetic reagents, catalysts, or enzymes generally leads to the formation of one new chiral center that appears in the resp. enantiomeric or diastereomeric alcs. By contrast, when subjecting appropriate achiral compounds to this type of C-H activation, the simultaneous creation of two chiral centers with a defined relative and absolute configuration may result, provided that control of the regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity is ensured. The present study demonstrates that such control is possible by using wild-type (wt) or mutant forms of the monooxygenase cytochrome P 450 BM3 as catalysts in the oxidative hydroxylation of methylcyclohexane and seven other monosubstituted cyclohexane derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile (cas: 24056-34-6Reference of 24056-34-6).

4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile (cas: 24056-34-6) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. Nitriles are susceptible to hydrogenation over diverse metal catalysts. The reaction can afford either the primary amine (RCH2NH2) or the tertiary amine ((RCH2)3N), depending on conditions.Reference of 24056-34-6

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts