Tag: M.W=100-150

Badger, G. M. published the artcilePorphyrins. V. The cyclization of linear tetrapyrroles, Recommanded Product: 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, the publication is Australian Journal of Chemistry (1964), 17(9), 1013-21, database is CAplus.

cf. CA 61, 13265c. Tetrapyrrenes (I) were prepared by condensation of 3-acetyl-2,4-dimethylpyrrole (II) or of 3-cyano-2,4-dimethylpyrrole (III) with 5,5′-bis(methoxymethyl)-3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyldipyrromethane-HBr (IV). A mixture of 100 g. 5-ethoxycarbonyl-2,3,4trimethylpyrrole, 100 ml. 98% HCO₂H, and 100 ml. 48% HBr was heated 8 hrs. on a steam bath and left overnight to yield 83 g. 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethyldipyrromethene-HBr (V), m. 308-10°. Br (16 g.) in 20 ml. HOAc was added during 30 min. to a stirred and heated mixture (70-5°) of 12 g. V in 100 ml. HOAc, and the mixture stirred 30 min. at 75° and cooled to yield 15 g. 5,5′-bis(bromomethyl)-3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyldipyrromethene-HBr (VI), m. >300°. VI (5 g.) in 50 ml. MeOH was refluxed 30 min., the solution cooled, 100 ml. ether added, the mixture left overnight at 0° the separated product dissolved in boiling C₆H₆, and the solution diluted with boiling petr. ether and cooled to yield 2.7 g. IV, m. 174-6°. The oxime of 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-formyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrole was converted into the nitrile, mild alk. hydrolysis of which yielded 5-carboxy-3-cyano-2,4-dimethylpyrrole, which on decarboxylation by refluxing 1 hr. with ethanolamine yielded III, m. 107°. A solution of 1 g. IV and 0.75 g. II in 20 ml. C₆H₆ was refluxed 1 hr. and cooled to yield 0.92 g. I.HBr (R = Ac) (VI), m. 235° [decomposition, darkening at 225° (CHCl₃-petr. ether]. Similarly, 1.5 g. IV and 1 g. III in 30 ml. C₆H₆ was refluxed 1 hr., cooled, diluted with 15 ml. ether, and refrigerated to yield I.HBr (R = CN) (VII), m. 235-40° (decomposition) (CHCl₃-petr. ether). VI (0.I g.) was dissolved in 100 ml. MeOH, the mixture refluxed 1 hr., 0.2 g. Cu(OAc)₂ added, the mixt refluxed 48 hrs., MeOH evaporated, the residue extracted 3 hrs. (Soxhlet) with CHCl₃, the CHCl₃ extract concentrated, the residue dissolved in concentrated H₂SO₅, the solution left 3 hrs. at room temperature, poured on ice, the mixture extracted with CHCl₃, and the extract washed with NH₄OH, H₂O, dried, and chromatographed over grade IV Al₂O₃, using CHCl₃-petr. ether for elution. The red band exhibiting red fluorescence was eluted first, and the solution evaporated to give 1,2 – diacetyl – 3,4,5,6,7,8- hexamethylporphine (VIII), which was dissolved in CHCl₃, λ 420, 518, 556, 588 and 642.7 m. A portion of this solution was evaporated, the residue dissolved in 4:1 C₅H₅N-H₂O, NH₂OH.HCl added, and the mixture heated 30 min. on a steam-bath. The resulting solution showed λ 505, 537.5, 572.5 and 625.8 mμ. A 2nd portion of the CHCl₃ solution was evaporated, the residue dissolved in dioxane, aqueous NaBH₄ solution added, the mixture left overnight, worked up, and the product taken up in CHCl₃, washed with NH₄OH, H₂O, and dried. The resulting solution had 501.7, 534.2,568.3 and 623.3 mμ. Alternatively, 2 g. 1′,1,8′-dideoxy-1′,2,3,4,5,6,7,8′-octamethylbilene-b-HBr was dissolved in 1 l. MeOH by refluxing 1 hr., 4 g. Cu(OAc)₂ added, the mixture refluxed 1 week and filtered, the residue extracted 1 hr. (Soxhlet) with MeOH, the extract filtered (Celite), and the residue and Celite extracted again (Soxhlet) with CHCl₃ 2 hrs. (extract A) and then with fresh CHCl₃ for 18 hrs. (extract B). Cohen. of extract B yielded 0.05 g. VIII Cu complex, m. 316-18° (decomposition). Extract A was evaporated, the residue dissolved in 20 ml. concentrated H₂SO₄, the mixture left 1 hr., poured on 400 g. crushed ice and the separated solid extracted (Soxhlet) with CHCl₃ Evaporation of the CHCl₃ extract yielded 0.08 g. VIII, m. >360° as steel-blue-needles. Cyclization of VII under similar conditions gave 2 porphyrins, presumably 1-cyano-3,4,5,6,7,8hexamethylporphine (λ 412,516.2, 522,571,621 and 636 mμ) and 1,2-dicyano-3,4,5,O,7,8-hexamethylporphine (λ 420, 519, 555, 590.2 and 643.5 mμ) in poor yield.

Australian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 26187-28-0. 26187-28-0 belongs to nitriles-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyrrole,Nitrile, name is 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C7H8N2, Recommanded Product: 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fairley, Gary published the artcileOne-pot synthesis of novel 1,2,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,4(5H)-diones, SDS of cas: 49540-34-3, the publication is Tetrahedron Letters (2018), 59(39), 3574-3578, database is CAplus.

A facile synthesis of novel 1,2,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,4(5H)-diones was achieved. The operationally simple procedure, using readily available intermediates, allows for rapid derivatization of the pharmacophore with alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl substituents.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about 49540-34-3. 49540-34-3 belongs to nitriles-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C2H10Cl2N2, SDS of cas: 49540-34-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wen, Hui published the artcileA high-resolution method to assess cell multinucleation with cytoplasm-localized fluorescent probes, Quality Control of 26187-28-0, the publication is Analyst (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (2016), 141(13), 4010-4013, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Cell multinucleation is closely related to chromosomal instability. We report a simple, convenient method to assess cell multinucleation with cytoplasm-localized fluorescent probes (CLFP) which is superior to conventional nuclear staining methods. The CLFP method provides high-resolution images that enable the accurate calculation of the number of nuclear fragments.

Analyst (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about 26187-28-0. 26187-28-0 belongs to nitriles-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyrrole,Nitrile, name is 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C27H39ClN2, Quality Control of 26187-28-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Krumova, Katerina published the artcileBodipy Dyes with Tunable Redox Potentials and Functional Groups for Further Tethering: Preparation, Electrochemical, and Spectroscopic Characterization, Name: 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2010), 132(49), 17560-17569, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The preparation, spectroscopic, and electrochem. characterization of a family of 16 new bodipy dyes with tunable redox potentials and versatile functional groups is reported. Electron-withdrawing or -donating groups (Et, H, Cl, or CN) at positions C2 and C6 enabled tuning the redox potentials within a ca. 0.7 eV window without significantly affecting either the HOMO-LUMO gap or the absorption and emission spectra. Hydroxymethyl or formyl groups at the meso (C8) position in turn provided a handle for covalent tethering to receptors and biomols. of interest, which dispenses with the more commonly used meso-aryl moiety as a means to tag mols. The dyes can thus be coupled to both electrophiles and nucleophiles. Importantly, it is shown that meso-formyl bodipy dyes are nonemissive and have significantly lower molar extinction coefficients compared to their meso-hydroxymethyl and meso-acetoxymethyl counterparts (which in turn are bright, with emission quantum yields in the range of 0.7-1). The nonemissive meso-formyl bodipy dyes thus provide unique opportunities as fluorogenic probes of nucleophilic attack and as fluorescent labeling agents where uncoupled fluorophores will not contribute to the fluorescence background. Overall, the new bodipy dyes reported here are promising candidates for the preparation of fluorescent sensors relying on photoinduced electron transfer and may find use in a number of fluorescent-labeling protocols.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 26187-28-0. 26187-28-0 belongs to nitriles-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyrrole,Nitrile, name is 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C7H8N2, Name: 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sathyamoorthi, Govindarao published the artcileLaser active cyanopyrromethene-BF₂ complexes, Product Details of C7H8N2, the publication is Heteroatom Chemistry (1994), 5(4), 403-7, database is CAplus.

Treatment with a mixture of formic and hydrobromic acids converted Et 3,4-diethyl-5-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate to 3,3,’,4,4′-tetraethyl-5,5′-dimethylpyrromethene hydrobromide presumably via the condensation of α-unsubstituted and α-formylpyrrole intermediates formed in situ. The corresponding 6-cyanohexaalkylpyrromethane was obtained by the addition of hydrogen cyanide to the pyrromethene and was oxidized with bromine to an unstable pyrromethene, an intermediate converted to 1,2,6,7-tetraethyl-3,5-dimethyl-8-cyanopyrromethene-BF₂ complex(PM-TEDC), λ_las (plastic) 613-639 nm, in a reaction with boron trifluoride etherate. Et 3,4,5-trimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate was similarly converted to 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexamethyl-8-cyanopyrromethene-BF₂ complex, (PM-HMC), λ_las (plastic) 615-639 nm. Immediately after formation by a condensation between propionyl chloride and 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyanopyrrole, unstable 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-6-ethyl-4,4′-dicyanopyrromethene hydrochloride was treated with boron trifluoride etherate to give 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-dicyano-8-ethylpyrromethene-BF₂ complex, λ_las (ethanol) 540-565 nm.

Heteroatom Chemistry published new progress about 26187-28-0. 26187-28-0 belongs to nitriles-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyrrole,Nitrile, name is 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C7H8N2, Product Details of C7H8N2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shinoda, Yusuke published the artcilePrognostic factors of metastatic myxoid liposarcoma., Recommanded Product: Picolinonitrile, the main research area is Metastasis; Myxoid liposarcoma; Prognostic factor.

BACKGROUND: Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) has the tendency to metastasize extrapulmonary. Although prognostic factors at the initial diagnosis of MLS have been reported, those at diagnosis of metastasis remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors for disease-specific survival at the initial diagnosis of metastasis. METHODS: This retrospective observational study was conducted at three cancer centers and two university hospitals in Japan. Of 274 MLS patients pathologically diagnosed between 2001 and 2015, 48 metastatic patients were examined. RESULTS: Lung metastases were detected in nine patients (18.8%) and extrapulmonary metastases in 45 (93.8%). Interval from primary diagnosis to the first metastasis was significantly shorter in patients with lung metastases than without (pâ€?â€?.007). Median disease-specific survival after diagnosis of metastases was 52.5 months in all patients. In multivariable analysis, liver metastasis (hazard ratio (HR), 2.71 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-7.09]) and no evidence of disease (NED) achieved by radical treatment (resection with or without radiation therapy, or radiation therapy â‰?0 Gy) or semi-radical (radiation therapy â‰?0 Gy) treatment were significantly related to survival (HR, 0.36; 95%CI [0.13-0.95]). The number of metastases (odds ratio (OR), 0.44; 95%CI [0.25-0.78]) and abdominal/retroperitoneal metastases (OR, 0.09; 95%CI [0.008-0.95]) were the significant inhibitory factors of achieving NED. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to statistically demonstrate the importance of achieving NED with surgical resection or radiation therapy for longer survival in metastatic MLS patients. As number of metastases was a significant factor for achieving NED, early detection of metastases might be important.

BMC cancer published new progress about Metastasis; Myxoid liposarcoma; Prognostic factor. 100-70-9 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Picolinonitrile, and the molecular formula is C6H4N2, Recommanded Product: Picolinonitrile.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Deora, Girdhar Singh published the artcileSubstituted Pyridazin-3(2H)-ones as Highly Potent and Biased Formyl Peptide Receptor Agonists, Application In Synthesis of 1885-29-6, the main research area is pyridazinone derivative preparation formyl peptide receptor agonist antiinflammatory structure.

Herein we describe the development of a focused series of functionalized pyridazin-3(2H)-one-based formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonists that demonstrate high potency and biased agonism. The compounds described demonstrated biased activation of prosurvival signaling, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, through diminution of the detrimental FPR1/2-mediated intracellular calcium (Cai2+) mobilization. Compound 50 showed an EC50 of 0.083 μM for phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and an approx. 20-fold bias away from Cai2+ mobilization at the hFPR1.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about pyridazinone derivative preparation formyl peptide receptor agonist antiinflammatory structure. 1885-29-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Aminobenzonitrile(Flakes or Chunks), and the molecular formula is C7H6N2, Application In Synthesis of 1885-29-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Périères, Lauren published the artcileHepatitis B in Senegal: A Successful Infant Vaccination Program but Urgent Need to Scale Up Screening and Treatment (ANRS 12356 AmBASS survey)., Safety of Phthalonitrile, the main research area is .

Senegal introduced the infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in 2004 and recently committed to eliminating hepatitis B by 2030. Updated epidemiological data are needed to provide information on the progress being made and to develop new interventions. We estimated the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children and adults living in rural Senegal and assessed hepatitis B treatment eligibility. A cross-sectional population-based serosurvey of HBsAg was conducted in 2018-2019 in a large sample (n = 3,118) of residents living in the Niakhar area (Fatick region, Senegal). Individuals positive for HBsAg subsequently underwent clinical and biological assessments. Data were weighted for age and sex and calibrated to be representative of the area’s population. Among the 3,118 participants, 206 were HBsAg positive (prevalence, 6.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-8.1). Prevalence varied markedly according to age group in individuals aged 0-4, 5-14, 15-34, and â‰?5 years as follows: 0.0% (95% CI, 0.00-0.01); 1.5% (95% CI, 0.0-2.3); 12.4% (95% CI, 9.1-15.6); and 8.8% (95% CI, 6.1-11.5), respectively. Of those subsequently assessed, 50.9% (95% CI, 41.8-60.0) had active HBV infection; 4 (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.9-9.4) were eligible for hepatitis B treatment. Conclusion: In this first population-based serosurvey targeting children and adults in rural Senegal, HBsAg prevalence was very low in the former, meeting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) < 1% HBsAg 2020 target; however, it was high in young adults (15-34 years old) born before the HBV vaccine was introduced in 2004. To reach national and WHO hepatitis elimination goals, general population testing (particularly for adolescents and young adults), care, and treatment scale-up need to be implemented. Hepatology communications published new progress in MEDLINE about 91-15-6, 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Safety of Phthalonitrile.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Challa, Prathap published the artcileCoupling of CH3OH and CO2 with 2-cyanopyridine for enhanced yields of dimethyl carbonate over ZnO-CeO2 catalyst, Safety of Picolinonitrile, the main research area is methanol carbon dioxide cyanopyridine dimethyl carbonate.

The present work is aimed to produce di-Me carbonate by coupling of CH3OH and CO2 with 2-cyanopyridine over ZnO-CeO2 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis DRS, BET surface area, CO2 and NH3-TPD techniques and applied for the titled reaction. Among the investigated catalysts 10ZnO-90CeO2 catalyst with CeO2 crystallite size 8.0 nm exhibited 96% conversion of methanol with 99% selectivity to di-Me carbonate. The superior catalytic activity is a unified effect of crystalline size of CeO2 and presence of an optimum number of acidic and basic sites. This protocol offers enhanced conversion of methanol with the simultaneous conversion of 2-cyanopyridine into 2-picolinamide by removing water mols. formed in the reaction.

Journal of Chemical Sciences (Berlin, Germany) published new progress about Acidity. 100-70-9 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Picolinonitrile, and the molecular formula is C6H4N2, Safety of Picolinonitrile.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kilic, Hulya A. published the artcileSelective glucose dehydration over novel metal phthalocyanine catalysts at low temperatures, Quality Control of 91-15-6, the main research area is glucose dehydration HMF metal phthalocyanine catalyst.

In this report, promising carbon-based novel metal phthalocyanine catalysts were prepared and tested in glucose dehydration at low temperatures (90-130°C) under atm. conditions. Most of the prepared phthalocyanines exhibited high conversions in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). A complete conversion of glucose was obtained over Aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcCl) and Tin phthalocyanine (SnPcCl2) catalysts. AlPcCl also provided the highest HMF yield (53% in 3 h at 130°C). Al3+ cations promoted the glucose conversion and Cl- anions played an active role in 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) formation. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent, was also found effective with phthalocyanines for high 5-HMF yield by stabilizing its structure. Thus, the 5-HMF yield was observed high (53.0% at 130°C for 3 h) over AlPcCl in DMSO. Kinetic studies showed that the optimum reaction temperature was 130°C at 1/5 catalyst/glucose ratio for 3 h. Dehydration reactions, performed in the aqueous phase, exhibited higher fructose selectivities with AlPcCl catalyst.

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis published new progress about Acidity. 91-15-6 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is Phthalonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H4N2, Quality Control of 91-15-6.

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts